Result of the research : 'constantin'
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Notes succinctes sur les masques kalengula des Luntu et des peuples voisins (R.D.C.)
(première partie)
Constantin PETRIDIS (1) in Arts d'Afrique Noire arts premiers Automne 2000 N° 115
Au sein de la littérature sur les masques de l'Afrique subsaharienne, ce sont surtout les masques en bois sculpté qui ont retenu l'attention des chercheurs. Les publications sur le bassin du Congo n'ont pas fait exception à cette règle. Ainsi, le catalogue d'exposition 'Face of the Spirits', publié en 1993 à l'occasion d'une exposition du même nom à l'Etnografisch Museum d'Anvers, ne montre, sur un total de cent treize masques, que cinq exemplaires en fibres tressées (2). La rareté de ces objets dans les collections occidentales est due, entre autres, au fait que les matières utilisées résistent mal au transport et aux changements climatiques. Il faut sans doute également voir dans cette lacune une explication d'ordre esthétique. En effet, les premiers collectionneurs d'art africain, se laissant guider par des idéaux occidentaux, ne prenaient en considération que des matières jugées nobles telles le bois, les métaux ou l'ivoire. Pourtant, hormis des masques en bois sculpté, plusieurs peuples du bassin du Congo ont produit des couvre-chefs et couvre-visages en fibres et autres matières plus éphémères. Or, bien qu'ils soient occasionnellement mentionnés dans des publications spécialisées, les études approfondies les concernant font aujourd'hui toujours défaut (3).
En vertu de ce constat, il nous a semblé pertinent de nous pencher sur l'étude d'un type de masque nommé kalengula qui, malgré une
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PETRIDIS Constantine
Art and Power in the Central African Savanna: Luba - Songye - Chokwe - Luluwa
Détails sur le produit: Relié: 160 pages - Editeur: MercatorFonds (29 septembre 2008)
Langue: Anglais - ISBN-10: 9061538300 - ISBN-13: 978-9061538301
Note Libraio
Hardback with jacket, 120 illustrations, 100 in colour. Revealing the powers immanent in works that the West long regarded only as exotic or abstract, Constantine Petridis looks beneath the surface of the arts of the Luba, Songye, Chokwe and Luluwa peoples to find, literally embedded in sculpture, the forces that enable the spirit world to intervene in daily life. Ritual use of these objects is expected to ensure a healthy birth, successful hunt, or triumph over an enemy. Analysis of the scholarly record illuminates the changing visions of leadership and prestige that fostered the development of the majestic, elaborate figure styles long prized in the
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Paul Klee
Born 18 December 1879
Münchenbuchsee bei Bern, Switzerland
Died 29 June 1940 (aged 60)
Muralto, Switzerland
Nationality German/Swiss
Training Academy of Fine Arts, Munich
Works more than 10,000 paintings, drawings, and etchings, including The Twittering Machine (1922), Fish Magic (1925), Viaducts Break Ranks (1937).
Paul Klee (18 December 1879 – 29 June 1940) was a Swiss painter of German nationality. His highly individual style was influenced by movements in art that included expressionism, cubism, and surrealism. He was, as well, a student of orientalism. Klee was a natural draftsman who experimented with and eventually mastered color theory, and wrote extensively about it. His works reflect his dry humor and his sometimes child-like perspective, his personal moods and beliefs, and his musicality. He and his friend, the Russian painter Wassily Kandinsky, both taught at the German Bauhaus school of art and architecture.
Early life and training
“ First of all, the art of living; then as my
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Amedeo Modigliani
Birth name Amedeo Modigliani
Born 12 July 1884(1884-07-12)
Livorno, Tuscany
Died 24 January 1920 (aged 35)
Paris, France
Nationality Italian
Field Painting
Training Accademia di Belle Arti, Istituto di Belle Arti
Works Madame Pompadour
Jeanne Hébuterne in Red Shawl
Amedeo Clemente Modigliani (July 12, 1884 – January 24, 1920) was an Italian artist of Jewish heritage, practising both painting and sculpture, who pursued his career for the most part in France. Modigliani was born in Livorno (historically referred to in English as Leghorn), in center-western region Tuscany in Italy and began his artistic studies in Italy before moving to Paris in 1906. Influenced by the artists in his circle of friends and associates, by a range of genres and art movements, and by primitive art, Modigliani's œuvre was nonetheless unique and idiosyncratic. He died in Paris of tubercular meningitis, exacerbated by poverty, overworking, and an
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Tristan Tzara
Born April 4 or April 16, 1896
Moineşti, Kingdom of Romania
Died December 25, 1963 (aged 67)
Paris, France
Pen name S. Samyro, Tristan, Tristan Ruia, Tristan Ţara, Tr. Tzara
Occupation poet, essayist, journalist, playwright, performance artist, composer, film director, politician, diplomat
Nationality Romanian, French
Writing period 1912–1963
Guillaume Apollinaire, Henri Barzun, Fernand Divoire, Alfred Jarry, Jules Laforgue, Comte de Lautréamont, Maurice Maeterlinck, Adrian Maniu, Filippo Tommaso Marinetti, Ion Minulescu, Christian Morgenstern, Francis Picabia, Arthur Rimbaud, Urmuz, François Villon, Walt Whitman
Influenced
Louis Aragon, Marcel Avramescu, Samuel Beckett, André Breton, William S. Burroughs, Andrei Codrescu, Jacques G.
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Sarah Lagrevol
Ecole du Louvre
Spécialité Arts de l'Afrique
INTRODUCTION
L'Ethiopie, vaste pays mentionné dès le Ier siècle dans le récit grec Le périple de la Mer Erythrée, suscite un engouement particulier de la part des Européens. Cette Ethiopie rêvée continue au Moyen Age avec le mythe du royaume du Prêtre jean.
Depuis la conversion du pays au IVe siècle de notre ère, le monde chrétien est omniprésent et accompagne les fidèles dans leur vie quotidienne. Le symbole de la croix, marque distinctive des dévots et image de rédemption, est présent sur tous types de supports (peinture, sculpture, décor architectural, objet façonné…) et de nombreuses interprétations lui sont attachées. Ces croix participent aussi par la bénédiction et les pratiques d'exorcisme à protéger les fidèles et à les soigner spirituellement. Les différents types de médecines pratiquées donnent également lieu à la production de rouleaux aux vertus " magiques " qui chassent ou apaisent les esprits habitant le patient.
De par l'étude de la
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Constantin Brâncuşi
Constantin Brâncuşi; Photograph taken by Edward Steichen in 1922.
Born February 19, 1876(1876-02-19)
Hobiţa, Romania
Died March 16, 1957 (aged 81)
Paris, France
Nationality Romanian
Field sculpture
Training École des Beaux-Arts
Movement Modernism
Works Bird in Space, The Endless Column
Patrons John Quinn
Awards Romanian Academy
Constantin Brâncuşi (Romanian pronunciation: [konstanˈtin brɨnˈkuʃʲ]; February 19, 1876 – March 16, 1957) was an internationally renowned Romanian sculptor whose sculptures, which blend simplicity and sophistication, led the way for modernist sculptors.
Early
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The Metropolitan Museum of Art is an art museum located on the eastern edge of Central Park, along what is known as Museum Mile in New York City, USA. It has a permanent collection containing more than two million works of art, divided into nineteen curatorial departments. The main building, often referred to simply as "the Met," is one of the world's largest art galleries, and has a much smaller second location in Upper Manhattan, at "The Cloisters," which features medieval art.
Represented in the permanent collection are works of art from classical antiquity and Ancient Egypt, paintings and sculptures from nearly all the European masters, and an extensive collection of American and modern art. The Met also maintains extensive holdings of African, Asian, Oceanic, Byzantine and Islamic art. The museum is also home to encyclopedic collections of musical instruments, costumes and accessories, and antique weapons and armor from around the world. A number of notable interiors, ranging from 1st century Rome through modern American design, are permanently installed in the Met's galleries.
The Metropolitan Museum of Art was founded in 1870 by a group of American citizens. The founders included businessmen and financiers, as well as leading artists and thinkers of the day, who wanted to open a museum to bring art and art education to the American people. It opened on February 20, 1872, and was originally located at 681 Fifth Avenue.
As of 2007, the Met measures almost a quarter mile long and occupies more than two million square feet.
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The British Museum is a museum of human history and culture situated in London. Its collections, which number more than 7 million objects, are among the largest and most comprehensive in the world and originate from all continents, illustrating and documenting the story of human culture from its beginning to the present.
The British Museum was established in 1753, largely based on the collections of the physician and scientist Sir Hans Sloane. The museum first opened to the public on 15 January 1759 in Montagu House in Bloomsbury, on the site of the current museum building. Its expansion over the following two and a half centuries has resulted in the creation of several branch institutions, the first being the British Museum of Natural History in South Kensington in 1887. Until 1997, when the current British Library building opened to the public, replacing the old British Museum Reading Room, the British Museum was unique in that it housed both a national museum of antiquities and a national library in the same building.
The museum is a non-departmental public body sponsored by the Department for Culture, Media and Sport. As with all other national museums and art galleries in Britain, the Museum charges no admission fee, although charges are levied for some temporary special exhibitions. Since 2001 the director of the Museum has been Neil MacGregor.
History
Though principally a museum of cultural art objects and antiquities today, the British Museum was founded as a "universal museum". Its foundations lie in the will of the physician and naturalist Sir Hans Sloane (1660–1753). During the course of his lifetime Sloane gathered an enviable collection of curiosities and whilst not wishing to see his collection broken up after death, he bequeathed it to King George II, for the nation, for the princely sum of £20,000.
At that time,
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Paul Klee, (prononcer "Klé"), est né le 18 décembre 1879 à Münchenbuchsee, près de Berne en Suisse et mort le 29 juin 1940. C'est un peintre suisse. Biographie Années de formation
Il grandit dans une famille de musiciens : sa mère, Ida, est chanteuse professionnelle, et son père, citoyen allemand, est professeur de musique dans la capitale helvétique. C'est de lui que Klee hérite son amour pour la musique. Lui-même excelle très tôt dans l'apprentissage du violon. À l'automne 1898, ayant terminé ses "examens de maturité" (baccalauréat) pour devenir avocat, il commence ses études de peinture à Munich, d'abord dans l'atelier particulier de Knirr, puis à l'Académie, sous la direction de Franz von Stuck. En 1899, il rencontre sa future femme, Lily Stumpf (*1876-†1946), une pianiste. En 1900, il s'inscrit à l'académie des beaux-arts de Munich où il cotoie Vassily Kandinsky. Il passe l'hiver 1901-1902 en Italie et visite Rome, Naples, Florence. Il se laisse prendre par le charme de l'architecture de la Renaissance, de Michel-Ange et des premiers maîtres du Quattrocento. Quelques voyages occasionnels le conduisent à Munich, où il découvre en 1904, Aubrey Beardsley, William Blake, Francisco Goya, James Ensor, puis à Paris en 1905. Il retourne à Munich à la fin de 1906 pour y épouser Lily Stumpf avec qui il aura un seul fils, Félix, né en 1907 et mort en 1990.
Premières œuvres
À l'exposition de Munich, il fait la connaissance des oeuvres de Vincent van Gogh et de Paul Cézanne. Il y expose ses
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Amedeo Clemente Modigliani (July 12, 1884
– January 24, 1920) was an Italian artist of Jewish heritage, practicing both
painting and sculpture, who pursued his career for the most part in France.
Modigliani was born in Livorno (historically referred to in English as Leghorn), in
northwestern Italy and began his artistic studies in Italy before moving to
Paris in 1906. Influenced by the artists in his circle of friends and
associates, by a range of genres and art movements, and by primitive
art, Modigliani's œuvre was nonetheless unique and idiosyncratic.
He died in Paris of tubercular meningitis, exacerbated by
poverty, overworking, and an excessive use of alcohol and narcotics, at the age
of 35. Early lifeAmedeo Modigliani was born into a Jewish family
at Livorno, in Tuscany.
Livorno was still a relatively new city, by Italian standards, in the late 19th
century. The Livorno that Modigliani knew was a bustling centre of commerce
focused upon seafaring and shipwrighting, but its cultural history lay in being
a refuge for those persecuted for their religion. His own maternal
great-great-grandfather was one Solomon Garsin, a Jew who had immigrated to
Livorno in the eighteenth century as a religious refugee. Modigliani was the fourth child of Flaminio
Modigliani and his wife, Eugenia Garsin. His father was in the money-changing
business, but when the business went bankrupt, the family lived in dire
poverty. In fact, Amedeo's birth saved the family from certain ruin, as,
according to an ancient law, creditors could not seize the bed of a pregnant
woman or a mother
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Tristan Tzara (born Samuel or Samy
Rosenstock, also known as S. Samyro; April 4 or April 16, 1896 –
December 25, 1963) was a Romanian and Frenchavant-garde poet, essayist and performance
artist. Also active as a journalist, playwright, literary and art critic,
composer and film director, he was known best for being one of the founders and
central figures of the anti-establishmentDada movement. Under
the influence of Adrian Maniu, the adolescent
Tzara became interested in Symbolism and co-founded the magazine Simbolulwith Ion Vinea (with whom he also wrote experimental poetry) and painter Marcel
Janco. During World War I, after briefly collaborating on Vinea's Chemarea, he joined Janco in Switzerland.
There, Tzara's shows at the Cabaret Voltaire and Zunfthaus zur Waag, as well as his poetry and art
manifestos, became a main feature of early Dadaism. His work represented
Dada's nihilisticside, in contrast with the more moderate approach favored by Hugo Ball. After moving to Paris in 1919, Tzara, by then one of the "presidents of
Dada", joined the staff of Littérature magazine, which
marked the first step in the movement's evolution toward Surrealism.
He was involved in the major polemics which led to Dada's split, defending his
principles against André Breton and Francis
Picabia, and, in Romania, against the eclecticmodernism of
Vinea and Janco. This personal vision on art defined his Dadaist plays The Gas
Heart (1921) and Handkerchief of Clouds (1924). A
forerunner of automatist techniques, Tzara eventually
rallied with Breton's Surrealism, and, under its influence, wrote his
celebrated utopianpoem The Approximate Man. During the final part of his career, Tzara combined his humanist and anti-fascistperspective with a
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