The Pende


The Pende pushed north by the Lunda, during the 17th, settled in an area located between Loango and Kasai regions. Two hundred years later Tchokwe invaded the territories for when they migrated north from Angola, but were forced to return the territories annexed by the Belgian colonizers. The 500000 Pende mainly farmers are not governed by a central authority but by the heads of households, known as the Djogo, sometimes aided by the noble nobles. Young men are organized by age group, and must pass through various initiatives including that of circumcision during adolescence.

Art Pende can be divided into two traditions, arts, the first comes from Western Pende who live along the river Lodango, the second focuses on the eastern Pende along the Kasai River.


Masks:

The Western Pende have used a dozen different types of masks during their ceremony, they have eyes looking down a triangular nose, and sometimes leaving a protruding mouth see the teeth.

Often found three types of masks in Western collections. The first long-beard is called Kiwoyo Muyombo. The second known Mangu, show the features distorted, probably evoking the effects of an epileptic seizure. The third mask Phumbu chief called, has a hair divided into three parts.

Masks and helmets masks, associated with Pende, Oriental Minyangi are called respectively, and Giphogo. Worn by dancers during initiation ceremonies, they have

Linguistically, the Songye form part of the Luba, world, itself part of the Bantu group. Indeed there is a century old inter relation between the Songye and Luba, and they therefore share many cultural traits. Some art forms are part of this, shared heritage, according to the oral tradition the founding chieftains of the first luba kingdom, were of songye origins, and it is the Songye who introduced the idea of social stratification to the Luba and consequently the first luba chieftains are said to be of Songye Ancestry.

 

ENVIRONMENT

The Songye used to live in a forest environment till the end of the first half of the second millennium. Slowly their habitat became more savannah-like. We can still find traces of this former forest habitat in some of the art they produce. For example the costume worn with the Kifwebe mask must be entirely made from products originating in the forest from such as bark, pelts fibers etc. Today the Songye mainly live in the savannah but pockets of forest remain in their territory.

The Songye occupy a very large area in the north of the southeastern quadrant of the republic democratic of Congo.

Due to the vastness of the songye territory, it is obvious that regional stylistic, iconic and typological, exist in the ritual art produced. Some of these are the result of cross influences with their immediate neighbors.

 

NEIGHBORS

To the North of the Songye territory, live the Sungu, Tetela, the western Kusu. In the northwest we will find a few luba chiefdoms. To the west the Luntu, Luba – kassaï Kete and Binji peoples resides; one can even find pockets of Chokwe people in the southwest of Songye territory. To the south of the Songye we find a variety of luba speacking, polities, the same is true, for eastern frontier where in addition to the eastern kusu, we find Luba, Hemba, Kunda, Lumbu and Buyu people. Judging from their

La Diagonale du Fou

par Jean-Michel Bouhours,
conservateur au musée national d'art moderne, commissaire de l'exposition Arman



"Je suis placé en fianchetto", répondait Arman à Marcel Duchamp en 1961, à New York. Il tentait par ce subterfuge d'attirer sur lui l'attention du "maître". En utilisant ce langage de joueur d'échecs – qui désigne la place du fou en contrôle de la diagonale –, l'artiste français, signataire du manifeste des nouveaux réalistes en octobre 1960, décrivait sa position sur la carte de la scène artistique française : regardant Paris depuis Nice, il se figurait sur cet axe majeur avec devant lui une perspective quasi infinie.

Arman affectionnait les boîtes, les cases, les territoires prospectifs du jeu d'échec et surtout du jeu de go. Déplaçons-nous, pour aborder Arman, sur les huit cases d'une hypothétique diagonale du fou.



A.1 : Le monde est grand, mais, à l'image du damier, il s'agit de le posséder. Claude Pascal, Yves Klein et Arman se le partagent en 1947, dans une salle de judo du Club de la police de Nice. Klein s'approprie l'espace, signe le bleu du ciel. Arman reçoit en dotation l'objet manufacturé, qui devait devenir progressivement le lieu commun de son oeuvre.

B.2 : Le quantitatif chez Arman met en jeu un principe de répétition d'où surgit la perception d'une différence, si infime soitelle. Arman avait le goût de la collection, amassant tout, depuis les plantes grasses sur le balcon de son appartement niçois jusqu'aux armures japonaises, sans oublier l'art nègre dont il devient un éminent spécialiste. Pour un objet affectionné, Arman était capable de tout : vendre,

This is a copy of the catalogue of the exhibition of 1923 in Brooklyn Museum, In 1903 Stewart Culin became the founding curator of the department of ethnology at the museum of the Brooklyn institute of arts and sciences, now the Brooklyn museum Culin a self taught ethnologist built the foundation of four curatorial collections for the museum, acquiring objects representing African Asian native American and estaern European culture

 

 

 

Culin was among the first curator to recognize museum installation as an art form, he was also among the first to display ethnological as art objects, not as ethnographic specimens. This approach is evidenced in his exhibition “primitive negro art”

 

 

 

The exhibition opened in april 1923 and displayed African objects he had acquired in Europe from dealers. Along with his colleagues Culin set the parameters for cultural representation in museum through his collection decisions and innovative installations.

 

 

[ See the continuation... ]

LES GRANDES EXPOSITIONS COLONIALES :

Les expositions coloniales furent organisées au XIXe siècle et dans la première moitié du XXe siècle dans les pays européens. Elles avaient pour but de montrer aux habitants de la Métropole les différentes facettes des colonies.
Les expositions coloniales donnaient lieu à des reconstitutions spectaculaires des environnements naturels et des monuments d'Afrique, d'Asie ou d'Océanie.
La mise en situation d'habitants des colonies, souvent déplacés de force, les fera qualifier dans les années 2000 de zoos humains.

La France compte alors 41,8 millions d'habitants et son Empire colonial, second derrière celui du Royaume-Uni, 67 823 000 personnes pour une superficie de 12 356 637 km².

1866 : Exposition Intercoloniale de Melbourne (Intercolonial Exhibition of Australasia)
1870 : Exposition Intercoloniale de Sydney (Intercolonial Exhibition)
1875 : Exposition Intercoloniale de Melbourne (Victorian Intercolonial Exhibition)
1876 : Exposition Intercoloniale de Brisbane (Intercolonial Exhibition)
1883 : Exposition Internationale et Coloniale d'Amsterdam (Internationale Koloniale en Untvoerhandel Tentoonsellung)
1886 : Exposition Coloniale et Indienne de Londres (Colonial and Indian Exhibition)
1894 : Exposition Internationale et Coloniale de Lyon. Elle vit l'assassinat du président de la République Sadi Carnot.
1894 : Exposition Insulaire et Coloniale de Porto (Exposição Insular e Colonial Portuguesa)
1898 : Exposition internationale et coloniale de Rochefort-sur-Mer
1902 : Indo China Exposition Française et Internationale de Hanoï
1902 :

This is a copy of the catalogue of the exhibition of 1923 in Brooklyn Museum, In 1903 Stewart Culin became the founding curator of the department of ethnology at the museum of the Brooklyn institute of arts and sciences, now the Brooklyn museum Culin a self taught ethnologist built the foundation of four curatorial collections for the museum, acquiring objects representing African Asian native American and estaern European culture

 

Culin was among the first curator to recognize museum installation as an art form, he was also among the first to display ethnological as art objects, not as ethnographic specimens. This approach is evidenced in his exhibition “primitive negro art”

 

The exhibition opened in april 1923 and displayed African objects he had acquired in Europe from dealers. Along with his colleagues Culin set the parameters for cultural representation in museum through his collection decisions and innovative installations.

 

See the continuation... ]

LES GRANDES EXPOSITIONS COLONIALES :

Les expositions coloniales furent organisées au XIXe siècle et dans la première moitié du XXe siècle dans les pays européens. Elles avaient pour but de montrer aux habitants de la Métropole les différentes facettes des colonies.
Les expositions coloniales donnaient lieu à des reconstitutions spectaculaires des environnements naturels et des monuments d'Afrique, d'Asie ou d'Océanie.
La mise en situation d'habitants des colonies, souvent déplacés de force, les fera qualifier dans les années 2000 de zoos humains.

La France compte alors 41,8 millions d'habitants et son Empire colonial, second derrière celui du Royaume-Uni, 67 823 000 personnes pour une superficie de 12 356 637 km².

1866 : Exposition Intercoloniale de Melbourne (Intercolonial Exhibition of Australasia)
1870 : Exposition Intercoloniale de Sydney (Intercolonial Exhibition)
1875 : Exposition Intercoloniale de Melbourne (Victorian Intercolonial Exhibition)
1876 : Exposition Intercoloniale de Brisbane (Intercolonial Exhibition)
1883 : Exposition Internationale et Coloniale d'Amsterdam (Internationale Koloniale en Untvoerhandel Tentoonsellung)
1886 : Exposition Coloniale et Indienne de Londres (Colonial and Indian Exhibition)
1894 : Exposition Internationale et Coloniale de Lyon. Elle vit l'assassinat du président de la République Sadi Carnot.
1894 : Exposition Insulaire et Coloniale de Porto (Exposição Insular e Colonial Portuguesa)
1898 : Exposition internationale et coloniale de Rochefort-sur-Mer
1902 : Indo China Exposition Française et Internationale de Hanoï
1902 : Exposition Internationale et Coloniale des Etats-Unis de New York (United

The works are presented in a geographical journey of productions ranging from West to East, both from Gabon to Congo:

* The Fang peoples and related
* The Kwele
* The Mbede-Kota
* The Tsogho, Galwa, Aduma, Vuvi and Teke (Tsaayi)
* The Ngbaka, and Ngbandi Ngombe
* The Mbole, Yela, Metoko, Komo, Jong, Lengola and Kela
* The Lega and Bembe

THE FANG:

THE KWELE: they live on the northern border of the Republic of Congo, and have used a type of mask called Ekuk, they are flat masks, which have incised eyes, often a white face in a heart-shaped nose triangle-shaped eyes and coffee bean. these masks were hung in homes rarely worn during ceremonies, initiation Bwetes worship, their function was to conduct a village to enable forces are beneficial Bwetes capita.

THE KOTA: Living in the eastern part of Gabon, on the border with the Republic of Congo, Kota, include a number of tribes, such as Mahongwe the Sango, the Obamba, and Shamay, who practice the same rituals and shared cultural traits. They probably migrated southward during the 18th, and now live in the valley of the river, Ogonoué in a forest environment. from their economic resources, sutout hunting and agriculture. Kota the past, had the habit of leaving their dead exposed to the elements in the forest. Under the influence of neighboring tribes, they began to bury their cefs and keep their bones (mainly the skull) to place them with

Who are the Baule?

About three million people living mainly in central Ivory Coast are defined as Baule. Yet after a closer study it semblairaient these men identify with villages or village clusters (ranging from 4 to 12) as an ethnic group. although the Baule ethnic reality remains msytérieuse can not be denying the existence of a style Baule. artists who use this style talk Baule and abroad their art is known as Baule for over a century.

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Dimanche 13

• Art Africain et océanien - Vente Kerchache 75008 Paris, Drouot Montaigne - Pierre Bergé

 Drouot Montaigne  

Le samedi 12    dimanche 13 juin

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STRENGTH AND MEASUREMENT

The discovery of "primitive art": an art of strength
Shapes and shape functions
Deities and ancestors
The living wood

Force and Measurement

Develop an aesthetic of black Africa is seen as a risky business in many ways. Is it legitimate to isolate these objects, that today we call art, the general framework of their relations and their cultural constraints? Can we submit to a test that has never existed in the minds of their creators? And can we finally see in this art - if we 'take on this term - a uniform phenomenon, despite the wide variety of both regional and local styles we offer this huge continent, following lengthy Historical developments often poorly understood? Finally, remember that this approach excludes large regions, including Africa white, that is to say the Mediterranean area with its ancient history, the eastern and southern Africa whose pastoral peoples have given rise to cultures almost without images, and finally these hunting societies, which, even in our time have not passed the stage of evolution of prehistoric rock paintings which are the main evidence of an artistic production that appears at various points the continent. Similarly, we must exclude from our contribution to the aesthetics of black African art the old feudal societies, including Benin. Our discussion is therefore limited to large areas farmers, the true cradle of

VIE ET MORT DES OBJETS DE SURFACE

" Ce que les Noirs adorent, ce n'est pas la pierre, l'arbre, la rivière,
mais l'esprit qu'ils croient y résider. "
(J. THEILHARD DE CHARDIN La Guinée supérieure et ses missions)

Vie des objets de surface

Les objets rituels, masques, statues, mobilier, utilisés en surf ace, jouent dans la société africaine traditionnelle, m rôle bien plus important que les objets funéraires, destinés à'être enterrés. Il faut leur adjoindre une petite quantité de pièces au double emploi (parures, mobilier sacré) qui accompagnent le mort dans sa tombe, comme à Igbo-Ukwu au Nigeria, ou certains objets funéraires trouvés fortuitement et réutilisés en surface, comme chez les Kissi en Guinée, ceux de la culture nok ou de celle d'Owo au Nigeria.

En Afrique, les esprits sont partout présents. Un homme devient souvent plus important après sa mort que pendant sa vie. Les signes de surface fonctionnent par ensembles et sous-ensembles, dans un rapport étroit entre le rôle qu'ils jouent et celui de leurs manipulateurs ; il existe des objets collectifs (souvent les masques), semi-collectifs (de nouveau les masques et une petite partie de la statuaire) et ceux

Primitive arts: political nomenclature or singular art?

Eugene Berg
Diplomat, former ambassador to Namibia, Botswana and Fiji. Author of 'Non-alignment and
New World Order '(PUF, 1980),' The International Politics since 1955 '(Economica, 1990) and' Chronology
internati''o''nale: 1945-1997 '(PUF, "Que sais-je?", 4th ed, 1997). Works since No. 19-20 to review work
made in the journal 'The Banquet'.

The inauguration of the Musée du Quai Branly, just as the opening
second France-Oceania summit, was a highlight of the cultural
quinquennium of Jacques Chirac. He will no doubt what would have been the Centre
Beaubourg Georges Pompidou, Musée d'Orsay for Valery Giscard
d'Estaing and Francois Mitterand National Library for. Expresses this
place that has done since its opening subject to real and sustained enthusiasm
People and challenges no less significant part of the community
scientific and museum? As written immediately Berenice
Geoffroy-Schneiter, this is "no accident that our west in search of
Spirituality landmarks and turns to these desperate travelers
the invisible. "