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Resonnances mythique dans la statuaire du pays Dogon

D’après DOGON, Jean-Louis Paudrat

Dans l’inventaire de la culture matérielle dogon, l’un de ses articles les plus modestes : un déméloir de tresses capillaire en bois dur, adapté à sa fonction, qui est de pénétrer le réseau serré des mècjes. Cet objet usuel s’effile à partir d’une poignée légèrement renflée. Humble décor, quelques incisions en zig zag, et l’ajout de trois brins, d’aluminium, or les définitions traditionnelles de cet instrument sont ainsi formulées : « le témoignage de la création du monde par Amma. « ou bien encore « le doigt d’Amma créant le monde et le montrant « .

La partie qui s’ajuste à la paume est marquée par quatre nervures, les quatre clavicules du démiurge, fermées et prêtes à s’ouvrir, le motif à chevrons champlevés est dit extension des clavicules d’Amma, les trois torsades métalliques blanches comme « l’eau qui enserre les terres » se détachent sur le fond noir comme « les nuages de pluie « . ainsi en réduction ce simple ustensile, constitue t il le modèle de la genèse de l’univers : de l’œuf initial à son ouverture et à la superposition des ciels et des terres.

Geneviève Calame-Griaule, qui rapporte cette interprétation, dans une étude admirable de l’expression orale de l’être au monde Dogon, aura conçu à l’instar de ses pairs , Marcel Griaule, Germaine Dieterlen, Michel Leiris, Denise Paulme, Dominique Zahan et d’autres – la production symbolique propre

LE FORGERON
la place et le rôle du forgeron, sont essentiels pour la société Dogon, il nous a paru important de présenter une synthèse sur ce personnage qui ne peut se comprendre hors du contexte du mythe fondateur,
le forgeron n'est pas uniquement l'artisan habile qui travaille le fer et le bois, dont les serrures. il occupe une place de premier plan comme héros-civilisateur dès l'origine de la création du monde par Amma, Dieu unique, omniscient, omniprésent et éternel.
le forgeron dans la cosmogonie
Amma pour remédier au désordre causé par la désobéissance de Ogo, envoya sur la terre, une arche transportant le Nommo mâle ressucité, maître du verbe, et de l'eau, l'arche contenait également les animaux, et végétaux qui devaient occuper toute la terre. après la descente de l'arche, la terre dessechée par l'inceste d'Ogo, reçut la pluie bienfaisante, source de vie et de fécondité : une première mare accueillit le Nommo ressucité. c'est alors qu'Amma créa d'autres êtres qui descendirent sur terre isolément, : avec la jumelle de Nommo, il envoya ainsi le forgeron, "dyemme na, le grand sac" fait du cordon ombilical resté accroché au placenta de Nommo sacrifié et du sang qui en avait coulé. le forgeron est donc le jumeau du Nommo, purificateur son représentant sur terre. les forgerons sont ainsi parfois appelés Serem, témoins du Nommo. cette gémélité se traduit par des expressions, qui les associent au sang, dont ils sont faits, "le Nommo et le forgeron, sont du sang rouge comme une boule resplendissante" Nommo et forgeron sont jumeaux, tous deux sont rouge comme le cuivre. sa desecente

Study on the sacred


Introduction
The sacred: the real paradigm
The flaw in the anthropological research of the sacred
The position of the African researcher
The inconsistency of the true-false paradigm of the irrational
The crucial importance of the event
Ancestor worship: in search of a definition
The premier event: the phenomenon agrarian
Biological Bases
The neurobiological underpinnings
Astronomical Foundations
Conclusion
Bibliography


Introduction


Welcome to this site dedicated to refuting the paradigm of the irrational use explicit about the facts of sacred archaic or traditional societies, and especially African societies.

As a member of these societies, the systematic use of the irrational as ultimate explanation of these facts is offensive and we might seem a lack of rigor in research.

In the approach to ethnology-anthropology there is always explicitly or implicitly begging the question that traditional societies through their culture could not produce something intellectually coherent. This profession of faith explains the systematic irrationality as an explanation of the ultimate sacred facts.

By irrational, what is heard is indeed something wrong, incoherent, that defies logic, in

Germaine Dieterlen, née à Valleraugue (Gard) en 1903 et morte à Paris le 13 novembre 1999, est une ethnologue française.

Ancienne élève de Marcel Mauss, elle a travaillé au sein des ethnies Dogon et Bambara avec, entre autres, Marcel Griaule, Jean Rouch, Solange de Ganay et Denise Paulme.
Elle débuta ses recherches au Mali en 1937 où elle poursuivit les travaux entamés par le répérage de la mission Dakar-Djibouti (voir Dakar et Djibouti) de Griaule et consorts.
Elle a été Directeur d'Etudes à l'École pratique des hautes études EPHE (Sorbonne) avec charge d'enseignement.

De 1956 à 1975 elle succède à Marcel Griaule comme secrétaire générale de la Société des africanistes.
En 1962 elle fait partie de l'équipe du CNRS RCP n°11 Objet et méthodes d'une ethnosociologie comparée de l'Afrique noire.
Fin 1968, la RCP 11 évolue, sous la direction de Germaine Dieterlen, pour devenir le Groupe de Recherche 11, sous le nom de Étude des phénomènes religieux en Afrique occidentale et équatoriale.

En octobre 1971 elle préside le colloque La notion de personne en Afrique noire dont les actes du même nom

PARIS - JOSEPHINE BAKER - GEORGES-HENRI RIVIERE

Joséphine Baker (1906-1975), artiste de music-hall et Georges-Henri Rivière (1897-1985), ethnographe français, au musée ethnographique du Trocadéro. Paris, juin 1933. LIP-6259-052

Portrait de Thérèse Rivière © musée du quai Branly, photo Jacques Faublée
Soeur de Georges-Henri

Black African Literature
Modern literature of Black Africa lies at the confluence of various trends: its
own traditions and diverse, the impact of Islamic and Arab worlds;
the pervasive influence of European colonialism and Christianity. Africans
have been particularly prolific since the Second World War;
using French, English, Portuguese and more than forty African languages, they
made up of poetry, fiction, drama, and invented forms of writing
for which there is no description in the European literary world. Their
works portray the modern political and social reality, and focus on
value systems, whether or not African. At the same time, their writings
are based on indigenous traditions and world views typically
Africa.
Long before Europeans arrived, even before the development of writing,
peoples of sub-Saharan Africa have expressed their thoughts in an artistic manner,
their feelings and concerns the deepest in the form of myths,
legends, allegories, parables and stories, songs and chants from
poems, proverbs, riddles and theater. Some traditional forms of
oral literature have survived until today, while new forms do
cease to

P R E F A C E


In one of the chaos of rocks the most amazing of Africa, has a population of farmer-warriors who was one of the last of the French domain to lose its independence.


For most whites in West Africa, the Dogon are dangerous men, if not the most backward of the Federation. Ilspassent to practice human sacrifice and even to defend themselves better against all the outside influences that they live a difficult country. Some writers have told their small fears when supposedly daring excursions. From these legends and the pretext of revolts often due to misunderstandings, it has sometimes taken in exile of entire villages.


In short, the Dogon represent one of the finest examples of primitive savage and this opinion is shared by some black Muslims who, intellectually, are not better equipped than whites to appreciate those of their fellow faithful to ancestral traditions. Only officials who have assumed the heavy task of administering these men have learned to love them.


The author of this book and its many teammates attend the Dogon past fifteen years. They published the work of these men who are now the people's best-known French Sudan: The Souls of the Dogon (G. Dieterlen, 1941), The Currency (S. OF GANAY 1941), Masks (M. Griaule, 1938) have brought to scholarly evidence that blacks lived on complex ideas, but ordered, on systems of institutions and rituals where nothing is left to chance or whim. This work, already ten years ago, drew

Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Martyr Patricio Clito Ruíz y Picasso (25 October 1881 – 8 April 1973) was an Andalusian-Spanishpainter, draughtsman, and sculptor. As one of the most recognized figures in twentieth-century art, he is best known for co-founding the Cubistmovement and for the wide variety of styles embodied in his work. Among his most famous works are the proto-Cubist Les Demoiselles d'Avignon (1907) and his depiction of the German bombing of Guernica during the Spanish Civil War, Guernica (1937)

Biography

Picasso was baptized Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima TrinidadClito, a series of names honouring various saints and relatives. Added to these were Ruíz and Picasso, for his father and mother, respectively, as per Spanish custom. Born in the city of Málaga in the

Jean Rouch (31 May1917 - 18 February2004) was a French filmmaker and anthropologist.

He began his long association with African subjects in 1941 after working as civil engineer supervising a construction project in Niger. However, shortly afterwards he returned to France to participate in the Resistance. After the war, he did a brief stint as a journalist with Agence France-Presse before returning to Africa where he become an influential anthropologist and sometimes controversial filmmaker.

He is considered as one the pioneers of Nouvelle Vague, of visual anthropology and the father of ethnofiction. Rouch's films mostly belonged to the cinéma vérité school – a term that Edgar Morinused in a 1960 France-Observateur article referring to Dziga Vertov's Kinopravda. His best known film, one of the central works of the Nouvelle Vague, is Chronique d'un été (1961) which he filmed with sociologist Edgar Morin and in which he portrays the social life of contemporary France. Throughout his career, he used his camera to report on life in Africa. Over the course of five decades, he made almost 120 films.

He died in an automobile accident in February 2004, some 16 kilometres from the town of Birnin N'Konni in central Niger.

Main films

• 1954: Les Maîtres Fous (The Mad

Germaine Dieterlen (1903-1999) was a French anthropologist. She was a student of Marcel Mauss and wrote on a large range of ethnographictopics and made pioneering contributions to the study of myths, initiations, techniques (particularly "descriptive ethnography"), graphic systems, objects, classifications, ritual and social structure.

She is most noted for her work among the Dogon and the Bambaraof Mali, having lived with them for over twenty years, often in collaboration with noted French anthropologist Marcel Griaule (1898-1956).

Themes

Some of the main themes in her work concentrate on the notions of sacred kingship, the position of the first born, relationships between maternal uncles and nephews, division of labor, marriage, and the status of the rainmaker in Dogon society. Because each episode of the rite is enacted only once every sixty years, Dieterlen's documentation of the sigui cycle allowed the Dogon themselves to see and interpret the entire sequence of rites which they had heretofore only observed in part.

Researches

Dieterlen began her ethnographic research in Bandiagara, Mali in 1941. Perhaps most controversially, Dieterlen was criticized by her peers for her publications with Griaule on Dogon astronomy, which professed an ancient knowledge of the existence of a dwarf white star,Sirius Balso called the Dog Star, invisible to the naked eye. This ancient

After having passed several months in Abyssinia (1928 - 1929), he organised the crossing of Africa from west to east: it's the  Dakar-Djibouti mission from  1931 to 1933 with Michel Leiris, André Schaeffner and other ethnologists, marking in the same time the start of the field ethnology. During this expedition, he studied the Dogon group, on which he consacred the majority of his researches.

Very linked to the dogon culture, he contributed to the development of the region by promoting the construction of an irrigation boom for the culture of onion and pepper in the region of Sangha. 

One of his main contribution (related to ethnology) is having proved that the dogon cosmogony is at least as important as the western ones. However, he'll be very criticized for having under-estimate the western influence in the dogon astronomical knowledge. He has been one of the rare ethnologists to get traditional african funerals.

In 1941, he stood in for his former amharique professor Marcel Cohen, unauthorised to teach because of the anti-Semitic laws, at the INLCOV (School of the Eastern Languages).
From 1943 to his death, he's professor at la Sorbonne (first chair of ethnology). He's also advisor of the French Union. From 1940, he was the general secretary of the Africanists Society.

He has