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Maître de Bouaflé

Simone Breton en 1927.  Man Ray

Mask Gouro Maître de bouaflé
Vente record pour un masque ayant appartenu au surréaliste André Breton masque Gouro de Côte d’Ivoire a atteint la somme respectable de 1 375 000 euros

Mask Gouro Maître de bouaflé

Michel Leiris, (né le 20 avril 1901 à Paris et mort le 30 septembre 1990, à Saint-Hilaire dans l'Essonne) est un écrivain, ethnologue et critique d'art français, mais aussi Satrape du Collège de Pataphysique.

Michel Leiris est né au sein d'une famille bourgeoise cultivée habitant au 41 rue d'Auteuil dans le seizième arrondissement.
Sa famille le pousse contre son gré à faire des études de chimie alors qu'il est attiré par l'art et l'écriture. Il fréquente les milieux artistiques après 1918, notamment les surréalistes jusqu'en 1929. Il se lie d'amitié avec Max Jacob, André Masson, Picasso, etc. Son œuvre a marqué les recherches ethnographiques et ethnologiques.

En 1935, dans L'Âge d'homme, voici comme il se décrit :

    « Je viens d’avoir trente-quatre ans, la moitié de la vie. Au physique, je suis de taille moyenne, plutôt petit. J’ai des cheveux châtains coupés court afin d’éviter qu’ils ondulent, par crainte aussi que ne se développe une calvitie menaçante. Autant que je puisse en juger, les traits caractéristiques de ma physionomie sont : une nuque très droite, tombant verticalement comme une muraille ou une falaise, marque classique (si l'on en croit les astrologues) des personnes nées sous le signe du Taureau ; un front

Jacques Chirac, né le 29 novembre 1932 dans le 5e arrondissement de Paris, est un homme d'État français qui a exercé les plus hautes responsabilités de la Ve République.

Il fut premier ministre de Valéry Giscard d'Estaing (1974-1976) puis, inaugurant la première cohabitation, celui du socialiste François Mitterrand (1986-1988). Il est le 5e président de la Ve République (22e président de la République) du 17 mai 1995 au 16 mai 2007, période incluant la troisième cohabitation (1997-2002). Il fut également le premier maire de Paris (1977-1995) après le rétablissement de cette fonction (supprimée entre 1871 et 1977, son prédécesseur était Jules Ferry). Il siège au Conseil constitutionnel dont il est membre de droit depuis la fin de son second mandat de chef de l'État.
 

Biographie personnelle et parcours politique

1932-1967 : jeunesse et apprentissage
Né le 29 novembre 1932 à la clinique Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire (Ve arrondissement de Paris), Jacques René Chirac est le fils d'Abel François Chirac (1893-1968), administrateur de la société aéronautique et de Marie-Louise Valette (1902-1973). Tous deux proviennent de familles corréziennes, ses deux grands-pères sont instituteurs — de Sainte-Féréole, en Corrèze. D'après Jacques Chirac, son nom « a pour origine la langue d'oc, celle des troubadours, donc celle de la poésie ».

Le jeune Jacques, élevé en enfant unique (sa sœur aînée, Jacqueline est décédée en bas-âge avant sa

Tristan Tzara (born Samuel or Samy Rosenstock, also known as S. Samyro; April 4 or April 16, 1896 – December 25, 1963) was a Romanian and Frenchavant-garde poet, essayist and performance artist. Also active as a journalist, playwright, literary and art critic, composer and film director, he was known best for being one of the founders and central figures of the anti-establishmentDada movement. Under the influence of Adrian Maniu, the adolescent Tzara became interested in Symbolism and co-founded the magazine Simbolulwith Ion Vinea (with whom he also wrote experimental poetry) and painter Marcel Janco. During World War I, after briefly collaborating on Vinea's Chemarea, he joined Janco in Switzerland. There, Tzara's shows at the Cabaret Voltaire and Zunfthaus zur Waag, as well as his poetry and art manifestos, became a main feature of early Dadaism. His work represented Dada's nihilisticside, in contrast with the more moderate approach favored by Hugo Ball.

After moving to Paris in 1919, Tzara, by then one of the "presidents of Dada", joined the staff of Littérature magazine, which marked the first step in the movement's evolution toward Surrealism. He was involved in the major polemics which led to Dada's split, defending his principles against André Breton and Francis Picabia, and, in Romania, against the eclecticmodernism of Vinea and Janco. This personal vision on art defined his Dadaist plays The Gas Heart (1921) and Handkerchief of Clouds (1924). A forerunner of automatist techniques, Tzara eventually rallied with Breton's Surrealism, and, under its influence, wrote his celebrated utopianpoem The Approximate Man.

During the final part of his career, Tzara combined his humanist and anti-fascistperspective with a

André Breton (February 19, 1896 – September 28, 1966) was a French writer, poet, and surrealisttheorist, and is best known as the main founder of surrealism. His writings include the Surrealist Manifesto of 1924, in which he defined surrealism as pure psychic automatism.

Biography

Born to a family of modest means in Tinchebray(Orne) in Normandy, he studied medicineand psychiatry. During World War I he worked in a neurological ward in Nantes, where he met the spiritual son of Alfred Jarry, Jacques Vaché, whose anti-social attitude and disdain for established artistic tradition influenced Breton considerably. Vaché committed suicide at age 24 and his war-time letters to Breton and others were published in a volume entitled Lettres de guerre (1919), for which Breton wrote four introductory essays.

From Dada to Surrealism

In 1919 Breton founded the review Littérature with Louis Aragon and Philippe Soupault. He also connected with DadaistTristan Tzara. In 1924 he was instrumental to the founding of the Bureau of Surrealist Research.

In The Magnetic Fields (Les Champs Magnétiques), a collaboration with Soupault, he put the principle of automatic writing into practice. He published the Surrealist Manifesto in 1924, and

Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Martyr Patricio Clito Ruíz y Picasso (25 October 1881 – 8 April 1973) was an Andalusian-Spanishpainter, draughtsman, and sculptor. As one of the most recognized figures in twentieth-century art, he is best known for co-founding the Cubistmovement and for the wide variety of styles embodied in his work. Among his most famous works are the proto-Cubist Les Demoiselles d'Avignon (1907) and his depiction of the German bombing of Guernica during the Spanish Civil War, Guernica (1937)

Biography

Picasso was baptized Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima TrinidadClito, a series of names honouring various saints and relatives. Added to these were Ruíz and Picasso, for his father and mother, respectively, as per Spanish custom. Born in the city of Málaga in the

Pietro Paolo Savorgnan di Brazzà, best known as Pierre Paul François Camille Savorgnan de Brazza (January 26,1852 - September 14, 1905), was a Franco-Italian explorer, born in Italy and later naturalizedFrenchman. With the backing of the Société de Géographique de Paris, he opened up for France entry along the right bank of the Congo that eventually led to French colonies in Central Africa. His easy manner and great physical charm, as well as his pacific approach among Africans, were his trademarks. Under French colonial rule, Brazzaville, the capital of the Republic of the Congo was named in his honor.

Early  years

Born in Rome on January 26,1852, Pietro Savorgnan di Brazzà was the seventh son of Count Ascanio Savorgnan di Brazzà, a nobleman of Udine with many French connections and Giacinta Simonetti. Pietro was interested in exploration from an early age and won entry to the French naval school at Brest, graduated as an ensign, and went on the French ship Jeanne d'Arc to Algeria.

Exploration to Africa

His next ship was the Venus, which stopped at Gabonregularly, and in 1874, de Brazza made two trips, up the Gabon Riverand Ogoue River. He then proposed to the government that he explore the Ogoueto its source, and with the help of friends in high places, including Jules Ferryand Leon Gambetta, he secured partial funding, the rest

Julien Michel Leiris (April 20, 1901 in Paris – September 30, 1990 in Saint-Hilaire, Essonne) was a Frenchsurrealistwriter and ethnographer.

Biography

Michel Leiris obtained his baccalauréat in philosophy in 1918 and after a brief attempt at studying chemistry, he developed a strong interest in jazz and poetry. Between 1921 and 1924, Leiris met a number of important figures such as Max Jacob, Georges Henri Rivière, Jean Dubuffet, Robert Despos, Georges Bataille and the artist André Masson, who soon became his mentor. Through Masson, Leiris became a member of the Surrealistmovement, contributed to La Révolution surréaliste, published Simulacre(1925), and Le Point Cardinal (1927), and wrote a surrealist novel Aurora(1927-28; first published in 1946). In 1926, he married Louise Godon, the step-daughter of Picasso's dealer Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler and traveled to Egypt and Greece.

Following a fall out with André Breton in 1929, he joined Bataille’s team as a sub-editor for Documents, to which he also regularly contributed articles such as “Notes on Two Microcosmic Figures of the 14th and 15th Centuries” (1929, issue 1), “In Connection with the ‘Musée des Sorciers" (1929, issue 2), "Civilisation" (1929, issue 4), “The ‘Caput Mortuum’ or the Alchemist’s Wife” (1930, issue 8), and on artists such as Giacometti,Miró, Picasso, and the 16th