Result of the research : 'paris'
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André Derain
Born 10 June 1880(1880-06-10)
Chatou, Yvelines,
Île-de-France
Died 8 September 1954 (aged 74)
Garches, Hauts-de-Seine, Île-de-France
André Derain (10 June 1880 – 8 September 1954) was a French painter and co-founder of Fauvism with Henri Matisse.
Biography
Derain was born in 1880 in Chatou, Yvelines, Île-de-France, just outside Paris. In 1898, while studying to be an engineer at the Académie Camillo, he attended painting classes under Eugène Carrière, and there met Matisse. In 1900, he met and shared a studio with Maurice de Vlaminck and began to paint his first landscapes. His studies were interrupted from 1901 to 1904 when he was conscripted into the French army. Following his release from service, Matisse persuaded Derain's parents to allow him to abandon his engineering career and devote himself solely to painting; subsequently Derain attended the Académie Julian.
Derain and Matisse worked together through the summer of 1905 in the Mediterranean village of Collioure and later that year displayed their highly
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THE PAINTINGS OF CHURCH ABBA ANTONIOS
The paintings on canvas of Abba Antonios church in Gondar in Ethiopia were collected by Marcel Griaule and his team at the Dakar-Djibouti mission in 1932. They probably date from the late eighteenth century and measure (for the pieces installed at the Musée du Quai Branly) about 2.3 meters high. All bear the inventory numbers from 31.74.3584 to 31.74.3630.
DESCRIPTION
The paintings in the church are made Abba Antonios egg on a canvas backing. They are mainly figures of saints, or episodes of Christian history (Old and New Testament apocryphal writings), arranged in superimposed registers.
At the Musée du Quai Branly, the totality of what has been harvested (60 sq.m.) is not exposed. In the room devoted to Ethiopian paintings, on the right shows a St. George, followed by a representation of God overcoming the Covenant of Grace and twelve priests of Heaven, from the west wall of the church. Opposite the entrance, three holy knights recognizable opponents it lands (small naked figures for St. Theodore, a centaur, a lion's body and tail shaped double snake for St. Claude, the emperor Julian the apostolate who tried to restore paganism to holy Mercury) overcome the images of the first Christian martyrs who have proclaimed the Gospel, namely John the Baptist, St. Paul, St. Peter and St. Etienne. Finally on the left wall you can see four of the kings of the Old Testament in the upper register (David, Solomon, Hezekiah and Josiah) and a couple of
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From humble beginnings, Paul Guillaume (1891–1934) rose to become one of the leading cultural players and art dealer-collectors of Paris in the early twentieth century. Guillaume died at the age of forty-two, by which time he had amassed an outstanding private collection of works by leading modernists. Unlike many art collectors of the time, Guillaume did not come from a wealthy and cultivated background, nor was he only interested in simply supplying works of art for customer demand like other art dealers. He also actively promoted certain aspects of the artistic and cultural life of Paris, providing moral and material support to artists, and interpreting the art of his time for his contemporaries. This approach, while not uncommon today, was innovative at the time and had previously been attempted by only a few courageous dealer-collectors in Paris, such as Paul Durand-Ruel and Ambroise Vollard. Guillaume was celebrated by the artists whom he supported; for instance in Modigliani's portrait the words Novo Pilota, or ‘new helmsman’, identify the sitter as being at the forefront of modern art.
Guillaume's premature death prevented his dream – of transforming his private collection to a museum of modern art – from being realised. After his death Domenica, his widow and heir, remarried and modified the existing collection, selling some of the more extreme avant-garde works (and later his collection of African art and modern sculpture) and acquiring works of a more conservative character. Domenica's concern to promote harmony among the works in the Guillaume collection made her edited version of the collection all the more typically a capsule of Parisian taste in the 1920s. Before he died, Paul Guillaume had resolved to give his collection to the Louvre. Domenica, a lover of Impressionist art (Monet's
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Jean Paul Barbier-Mueller est un collectionneur suisse, né à Genève en 1930.
Biographie
Il a subi l’influence d’un père que tout passionnait : la poésie, la philosophie, la musique (une des ses oeuvres fut créée à Seattle en 1985) ou la science (il obtint son doctorat en biologie à l’âge de 47 ans).
Après des études de droit à Genève et à Londres, il s’inscrit au Barreau, mais se retrouve assez rapidement au service d’une grande banque, puis directeur, à 28 ans, d’une société financière. En 1960, il crée sa propre entreprise, la Société privée de gérance, spécialisée dans la gestion du parc locatif immobilier d’investisseurs institutionnels et la construction d’immeubles à caractère social.
Collectionneur à la suite de son beau-père Josef Mueller, il s’oriente vers les arts « non occidentaux ». Avec sa femme Monique, il crée en 1977 le musée Barbier-Mueller, qui organise plus de soixante-quinze expositions, la plupart accompagnées d'importants catalogues, présentant les différentes sections de la collection familiale, avec la collaboration des plus grands musées d’Europe, d’Amérique et d’Asie. Il conduit lui-même ou finance des recherches à Sumatra, en Côte
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Museo Etnografico Africa-Mozambico
Bari
The artifacts come from the African Mission of Capuchin firars in Mozambique: they include masks, musical instruments, objetcs made of ivory as well as a lot of documents.
Museo Villaggio Africano
Basella di Urgnano
The works exhibited in this museum-village since 1984 come from the collection of a Passionist Missionaries, a religious congregation founded in 1743. Tribal handcraft works are on display in the museum-village but some are also for sale. The profits go to the congregation whicj helps people in Africa. The objects come mainly from Sub-Saharan Africa (Dogon, Baule, Mahongwe).
Museo Civico di Scienze Naturali "Enrico Caffi"
Bergamo
The museum was born in 1917 when the cabinet of curiosities of the Royal Technical Institute was merged with several private collections of the area. After several places, it was finally established in the sumptuous Piazza Cittadella palace in 1960. The ethnographical section just opened: the largest part of the collection was brought back by Costantino Beltrami, who "discovered" the source of the Mississipi River; it includes
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For children, play is a way to project their future social role. Traditionally, Africa, the slingshot can practice hunting, dolls prepare to be a mother. But in Africa, the same objects are sometimes used by adults. The "toys" to load defaults and then become ritual objects decorated accordingly. They are then intended to deal with the spirits of the afterlife that are everywhere. It is true of "dolls" made by women who want a child. These dolls are the subject of fertility care. They are fed, washed, transported like real babies. Thus, among the Mossi, the biga is increased until birth and care she receives before the newborn. Among the Yoruba, the child timber is filled with the spirit of the model. The Ibeji, representing the twin died? is also the object of attentive care of the mother. She takes care throughout his life, and female offspring of mothers who receive the ibeji legacy, continued to provide care. The child remains well among his own people.
Time of my youth, I played with soldiers and my sister a doll. Today's children spend their time to explode, but virtually hard, thousands of invaders and girls bêtifient even before their Barbie dolls. The spirit remains the same. Yesterday also in Africa, children playing were preparing for their future role in the community. Slings allowed to practice hunting birds or
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Art
Art is the process or product of deliberately arranging elements in a way that appeals to the senses or emotions. It encompasses a diverse range of human activities, creations, and modes of expression, including music and literature. The meaning of art is explored in a branch of philosophy known as aesthetics.
The definition and evaluation of art has become especially problematic since the early 20th century. Richard Wollheim distinguishes three approaches: the Realist, whereby aesthetic quality is an absolute value independent of any human view; the Objectivist, whereby it is also an absolute value, but is dependent on general human experience; and the Relativist position, whereby it is not an absolute value, but depends on, and varies with, the human experience of different humans. An object may be characterized by the intentions, or lack thereof, of its creator, regardless of its apparent purpose. A cup, which ostensibly can be used as a container, may be considered art if intended solely as an ornament, while a painting may be deemed craft if mass-produced.
Traditionally, the term art was used to refer to any skill or mastery. This conception changed during the Romantic period, when art came to be seen as "a special faculty of the human mind to be classified with religion and science". Generally, art is made with the intention of stimulating thoughts and emotions.
The nature of art has been described by Richard Wollheim as "one of the most elusive of the traditional problems of human culture". It has been defined
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The linear decoration, signature Songye.
All masks are decorated Kifwebe type linear alternating stripes and white stripes, black and red too, whose purpose is yet unknown. The masks have formal and stylistic features interesting and original. They are often large size, including male pattern masks topped by huge peaks. The deformations in the face made the projection in front of the mouth and eyes is probably unique in the history of art. The resulting creations of great beauty and immense. Very modern, they are without doubt among the masterpieces of art.
Despite their similarities, the functions of these masks are different since the male mask Kifwebe Songye, easily recognizable by the existence of a ridge, because the police and the female mask Songye fate on the occasion of inauguration ceremonies or funerals of dignitaries.
The colors are symbolic, like shapes, they indicate "sex" of the mask but also its potential magic. The white female still has a form of benevolence. Black is associated with occult qualities of the mask. The black streaks are intended to conceal malicious aspects of the mask to the uninitiated. Red is associated with blood, fire, but also the courage, strength, and knowledge.
African Art / African Art / primitive art / primitive art / primitive arts / art gallery / art Tribal / Tribal Art / Africa / Africa / eye and hand / first art gallery / buy / sell / expertise / expert / exposure /
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african art / art africain / primitive art / art primitif / arts
premiers / art gallery / art tribal / tribal art / Afrique / Africa /
l'oeil et la main / galerie d'art premier / achat / vente / expertise /
expert / exposition / exhibition / collection / collectionneur / Paris
/ oeuvre / Verneuil / antiquités / antiquaire / musée / museum / masque
/ mask / statue / sculpture / Agalom / Armand Auxiètre /
www.african-paris.com / www.agalom.com
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The art gallery L'Oeil et la Main, specialized in primitve arts, gives freehand to ADRIENNE JALBERT for a confrontation which will not fail to cause the interest and curiosity.
Adrienne Jalbert, artist of international reputation, had been bitten by this young gallery, established in a small calm street behind the museum of Orsay. Having worked much on the idea of the sphere, she proposes to us here one of her last series, but presented in a new environment: that of primitive arts.
This confrontation is done around a logic which answers, just like did it Gustav Holst in music, with planetary and mythological topics: the Moon, Mars, Mercury, Come, Saturn and the Sun which are associated with their respective terrestrial influences: hunting, the war, money, love, the festival, life. African mythology is of another nature but it also has its powers which it will be necessary to tame. That led to an astonishing variety of means of intercession whose statues and masks are most known.
The title of the exposure, SEVEN SPHERES OF POWER, is not only one wink in direction of the 7 days of cultural activity of the 7th district of this beginning of autumn in which the event fits. Each one knows that each day of the week is marked by a planet and Sunday is the day of the sun. These references to names of gods of a Mythology which is not really anymore ours hide secret influences in which much believes firmly. The planets still keep their powers even if one does not sacrifice anymore to their gods and goddesses.
The spheres of
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On
doit à Alexandre Brongniart, directeur de la manufacture de Sèvres de
1800 à 1847, la théorie de la céramique, qu'il a publiée en 1841-1844
dans son Traité des Arts céramiques, ou des Poteries, considérées dans
leur Histoire, leur Pratique et leur Théorie. Le premier, il a classé
les céramiques en fonction de la porosité / imperméabilité de leur pâte.
Céramique
(keramos, argile en grec). Terme générique ayant trait à l'ensemble des
objets fabriqués en terre et ayant subi, au cours d'une cuisson à
température plus ou moins élevée, une transformation physico-chimique
irréversible leur conférant une dureté caractéristique.
Pâtes ouvertes (=poreuses) :
- Terre cuite ou poterie.
- Terre cuite à glaçure plombifère.
- Faïence stannifère.
- Faïence fine.
- Pâte siliceuse.
Pâtes fermées (=imperméables) :
- Grès.
- Porcelaine
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Tribe
A tribe, is a social group of humans connected by a shared system of values and organized for mutual care, defense, and survival beyond that which could be attained by a lone individual or family. A 'tribe' is defined in anthropology. When viewed historically or developmentally, a tribe is a mutual care system which, unlike a kingdom or state or other schema, is oriented around kinship and shared beliefs. Tribes can well exist simultaneously with other schema (see Schema (psychology)) such as states or other systems. They might consist of a social group existing before the development of, or outside of, states. Tribes are the most enduring and successful social survival system that has ever existed on earth. Tribes can exist within or without a state or kingdom and may or may not depend on the state or kingdom to endure.
Many anthropologists use the term to refer to societies organized largely on the basis of kinship, especially corporate descent groups.
Some theorists hold that tribes represent a stage in social evolution intermediate between bands and states. Other theorists argue that tribes developed after, and must be understood in terms of their relationship to states.
Etymology
The English word tribe occurs in 13th century Middle English literature as referring to one of the Twelve Tribes of Israel. The word is from Old French tribu, in turn from Latin tribus, referring to the original tripartite ethnic
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Tribe
A tribe, is a social group of humans connected by a shared system of values and organized for mutual care, defense, and survival beyond that which could be attained by a lone individual or family. A 'tribe' is defined in anthropology. When viewed historically or developmentally, a tribe is a mutual care system which, unlike a kingdom or state or other schema, is oriented around kinship and shared beliefs. Tribes can well exist simultaneously with other schema (see Schema (psychology)) such as states or other systems. They might consist of a social group existing before the development of, or outside of, states. Tribes are the most enduring and successful social survival system that has ever existed on earth. Tribes can exist within or without a state or kingdom and may or may not depend on the state or kingdom to endure.
Many anthropologists use the term to refer to societies organized largely on the basis of kinship, especially corporate descent groups.
Some theorists hold that tribes represent a stage in social evolution intermediate between bands and states. Other theorists argue that tribes developed after, and must be understood in terms of their relationship to states.
Etymology
The English word tribe occurs in 13th century Middle English literature as referring to one of the Twelve Tribes of Israel. The word is from Old French tribu, in turn from Latin tribus, referring to the original tripartite ethnic
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C’est en 1924,
qu’André Breton donne naissance à ce mouvement littéraire et artistique
qui réunit de très nombreux artistes. Dans le Manifeste du Surréalisme
(1924) il énonce: " SURRÉALISME n.m. Automatisme psychique pur par
lequel on se propose d'exprimer, soit verbalement, soit par écrit, soit
de toute autre manière, le fonctionnement réel de la pensée. Dictée de
la pensée en dehors de tout contrôle exercé par la raison, en dehors de
toute préoccupation esthétique ou morale. " Il ajoute : " Le
surréalisme repose sur la croyance à la réalité supérieure de certaines
formes d'associations négligées jusqu'à lui, à la toute-puissance du
rêve, au jeu désintéressé de la pensée. " Il définit la peinture
surréaliste comme " la représentation intérieure de l'image présente à
l'esprit. " (Le Surréalisme et la Peinture, 1928). En accord avec ces
principes, les artistes surréalistes pratiquent l'écriture ou le dessin
automatiques, le cadavre exquis, créent des décalcomanies, des
collages, des frottages, des sculptures, des objets à fonctionnement
symbolique, etc.
En décembre 1924, publication de la première
revue surréaliste : La Révolution surréaliste (1924-1928). D'autres
suivront, comme Le Surréalisme au service de la révolution, créée en
1930 ou comme Le Minotaure en 1933. La première exposition du groupe,
la Peinture surréaliste, a lieu en 1925 à Paris. Elle est suivie de
nombreuses autres. De 1927, date de l’adhésion de Breton au parti
communiste français, à 1935,
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Un rite ou rituel
est une séquence d'actions stéréotypées, chargées de signification
(action « symbolique »), et organisées dans le temps. Le rite n'est pas
spontané: au contraire, il est réglé, fixé, codifié, et le respect de
la règle garantit l'efficacité du rituel. Les deux mots rite et rituels
sont issus du latin "ritus" pour le premier et de "rituales libri"
(livre traitant des rites) pour le second. Le rite est un élément d'un
rituel.
Les rituels peuvent intervenir dans la plupart des
circonstances de la vie. On distingue ainsi des rituels sacrés (messe,
prière...) et des rituels profanes (voeux de Nouvel An, manifestations
sportives...); des rituels sociaux (rites de politesse, discours de
promotion ou de fin d'année...) et des rituels privés (rites de la
toilette, de la séduction...). Cette situation explique que les
sciences humaines dans leur ensemble s'intéressent à la question:
sociologie, psychologie sociale, psychopathologie, anthropologie,
histoire...
On pourrait dire que tout rite est "religieux" (donc
sacré) si l'on se fie au double sens étymologique de "relier" et "se
recueillir", s'unir volontairement à la tradition que le rite consacre.
Opinions diverses et différentes approches
On
trouve dans l'histoire des sciences humaines différentes approches des
rituels: une approche que l'on pourrait qualifier d'éthologie humaine,
issue notamment des travaux de Konrad Lorenz; une certaine tradition
sociologique qui, depuis les travaux d'Émile Durkheim traite les
rituels comme des éléments du sacré; un courant issu de la psychanalyse
qui rattache les rituels sociaux à des systèmes de
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Un
reliquaire est au départ une sorte de coffret destiné à abriter une ou
plusieurs reliques. Les reliquaires sont en fait d'une grande variété
de forme et d'usage.
Les reliquaires dans le christianisme
Au sens premier du mot, un reliquaire (du latin reliquiarium) contient les reliques d'un saint chrétien.
Différentes catégories
* La forme la plus ancienne du reliquaire chrétien est la châsse (du
latin capsa, « boîte », « coffre »), qui rappelle le cercueil primitif
et contient le corps entier du saint.
Icône de détail Article détaillé : Châsse.
* Dans certaines églises comme à Rouen, on a conservé longtemps le
vieux terme de fierte (du latin feretrum, « brancard » ou « civière
mortuaire »).
* Le terme reliquaire s'applique théoriquement à tout récipient
contenant des reliques, y compris les châsses, mais en pratique on le
réserve à des coffrets et boîtes de plus petite taille qui ne
contiennent pas le corps entier d'un saint.
* On a parfois
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Le pigment est une
substance colorée naturelle ou artificielle. Dans la nature cela
peut-être le constituant d'un minéral ou bien une substance organique,
animale ou végétale, présente dans les cellules d'un organisme vivant
et produisant la couleur.En art ou en industrie les pigments sont des
poudres, généralement broyées très finement avant d'être mises en
suspension dans un liant (ou médium), liquide, plus ou moins fluide, ou
visqueux, pour obtenir les peintures, les enduits, ou les encres. Ils
sont généralement insolubles dans le milieu se fixant à la surface du
support sur lequel on l'applique, contrairement aux teintures qui
pénètrent dans les fibres.
Histoire
Les colorants étaient
connus et utilisés depuis la plus haute Antiquité. Les Sumériens,
Grecs, Romains, Égyptiens, Mayas, etc. les utilisaient abondamment,
notamment comme produits cosmétiques.
Cependant, ces colorants,
malgré leur très grande efficacité, ne sont plus utilisés car ils
contenaient des sels métalliques hautement toxiques comme des
arséniates, du carbonate de cuivre ou vert-de-gris, de la céruse sans
oublier l'antimoine, le mercure, le plomb, etc.
Botanique
Substance organique produisant la couleur constitutive des éléments de la plante :
* feuilles : chlorophylle (E140), anthocyanes (E163) (ou lipochromes) rouges, bleus ou violets
* tronc :
* racines : carotène (caroténoïdes E160)
Les principaux pigments naturels (colorants) extraits des plantes comprennent :
* l'indigo tiré de l'indigotier,
* le
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Ethnic group
An ethnic group is a group of human beings whose members identify with each other, through a common heritage that is real or presumed.
Ethnic identity is further marked by the recognition from others of a group's distinctiveness and the recognition of common cultural, linguistic, religious, behavioural ,, as indicators of contrast to other groups.
Ethnicity is an important means through which people can identify themselves. According to "Challenges of Measuring an Ethnic World: Science, politics, and reality", a conference organised by Statistics Canada and the United States Census Bureau (April 1–3, 1992), "Ethnicity is a fundamental factor in human life: it is a phenomenon inherent in human experience." However, many social scientists, like anthropologists Fredrik Barth and Eric Wolf, do not consider ethnic identity to be universal. They regard ethnicity as a product of specific kinds of inter-group interactions, rather than an essential quality inherent to human groups.Processes that result in the emergence of such identification are called ethnogenesis. Members of an ethnic group, on the whole, claim cultural continuities over time. Historians and cultural anthropologists have documented, however, that often many of the values, practices, and norms that imply continuity with the past are of relatively recent invention.
According to Thomas Hylland Eriksen, until recently the study of ethnicity was dominated by two distinct debates. One is between "primordialism" and
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(De l’anglais, signifiant « champ coloré »)Pratique
picturale qui privilégie la couleur et qui consiste à peindre de
grandes plages chromatiques posées en aplats, modulées par des effets
de matière et ou de dégradés de couleurs. Les œuvres, souvent
monumentales, excluent toute forme de figuration, et peuvent mener à
une phase méditative. Tout ceci permet d’intensifier la présence de la
couleur ainsi que ses qualités formelles (luminosité, expressivité,
réalité physique). Les œuvres color field donnent ainsi une sensation
d’enveloppement du spectateur, et créent un rapport fort et émotionnel
avec lui.african art / art africain / primitive art / art primitif / arts
premiers / art gallery / art tribal / tribal art / l'oeil et la main /
galerie d'art premier / Paris / masques africains / mask /Agalom /
Armand Auxiètre / www.african-paris.com / www.agalom.com
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Le collectionnisme renvoie, chez les aristocrates puis les personnes fortunées, à un hobby visant à établir des collections d'objets d'art.
L'accumulation ostentatoire d'objets d'art observée pour les aristocrates de la botte italienne pendant les diverses phases de la Renaissance artistique, goût pour le prestige et preuve de bonne fortune qui s'est propagé pour tous les Grands des cours d'Europe. Cette propension à l'accumulation confinant au goût du lucre est particulièrement observable pour le cardinal de Rome Scipion Borghèse, qui notoirement utilisa ses pouvoirs pour faire enfermer des propriétaires de belles peintures qu'il convoitait, afin de mettre la main sur leurs collections. À Florence, le trait commun aux membres de la Maison de Médicis fut des siècles durant le collectionnisme, tout comme la cynégétique fut celui des Capétiens ; ainsi Léopold de Médicis qui collectionna une série importante d'autoportraits qui se trouve dans le corridor de Vasari.
Une collection est à la fois un regroupement d'objets correspondant à un thème, et l'activité qui consiste à réunir, entretenir et gérer ce regroupement.
Il peut s'agir d'un loisir : la personne qui constitue et stocke la collection est alors un collectionneur. Ce peut aussi être une profession, celle de conservateur : conservateur de musée (collections d'œuvres d'art, d'objets rares ou anciens), conservateur de bibliothèque ou d'archive (fonds regroupant des
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