Result of the research : 'rite'
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Tradition
La tradition désigne la transmission continue d'un contenu culturel à travers l'histoire depuis un événement fondateur ou un passé immémorial (du latin traditio, tradere, de trans « à travers » et dare « donner », « faire passer à un autre, remettre »). Cet héritage immatériel peut constituer le vecteur d'identité d'une communauté humaine. Dans son sens absolu, la tradition est une mémoire et un projet, en un mot une conscience collective : le souvenir de ce qui a été, avec le devoir de le transmettre et de l'enrichir. Avec l'article indéfini, une tradition peut désigner un mouvement religieux par ce qui l'anime, ou plus couramment, une pratique symbolique particulière, comme par exemple les traditions populaires.
Religion
* judaïsme : la tradition des prophètes
* Dans le bouddhisme, une tradition désigne, par extension, l'ensemble des pratiques, des idées et des connaissances d'une école du bouddhisme.
Article détaillé : tradition bouddhiste.
* Islam : généalogie de Mahomet
* Dans le catholicisme, la
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Culture
Culture (from the Latin cultura stemming from colere, meaning "to cultivate")[1] is a term that has different meanings. For example, in 1952, Alfred Kroeber and Clyde Kluckhohn compiled a list of 164 definitions of "culture" in Culture: A Critical Review of Concepts and Definitions. However, the word "culture" is most commonly used in three basic senses:
* excellence of taste in the fine arts and humanities, also known as high culture
* an integrated pattern of human knowledge, belief, and behavior that depends upon the capacity for symbolic thought and social learning
* the set of shared attitudes, values, goals, and practices that characterizes an institution, organization or group.
When the concept first emerged in eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Europe, it connoted a process of cultivation or improvement, as in agriculture or horticulture. In the nineteenth century, it came to refer first to the betterment or refinement of the individual, especially through education, and then to the fulfillment of national aspirations or ideals. In the mid-nineteenth century, some scientists used the term "culture" to refer to a universal human capacity.
In the twentieth century, "culture" emerged as a concept central to anthropology, encompassing all human phenomena that are not purely results of human genetics.
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Ethnology
Ethnology (from the Greek ἔθνος, ethnos meaning "habit, custom, convention") is the branch of anthropology that compares and analyzes the origins, distribution, technology, religion, language, and social structure of the ethnic, racial, and/or national divisions of humanity.
Compared to ethnography, the study of single groups through direct contact with the culture, ethnology takes the research that ethnographers have compiled and then compares and contrasts different cultures. The term ethnology is credited to Adam Franz Kollár who used and defined it in his Historiae ivrisqve pvblici Regni Vngariae amoenitates published in Vienna in 1783. Kollár's interest in linguistic and cultural diversity was aroused by the situation in his native multi-lingual Kingdom of Hungary and his roots among its Slovaks, and by the shifts that began to emerge after the gradual retreat of the Ottoman Empire in the more distant Balkans.
Among the goals of ethnology have been the reconstruction of human history, and the formulation of cultural invariants, such as the incest taboo and culture change, and the formulation of generalizations about "human nature", a concept which has been criticized since the 19th century by various philosophers (Hegel, Marx, structuralism, etc.). In some parts of the world ethnology has developed along independent paths of investigation and pedagogical doctrine, with cultural anthropology becoming dominant especially in the United States, and social anthropology in Great Britain. The distinction between the three terms is increasingly blurry. Ethnology has been
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“Africa Remix” featured the work of over 100 African artists in a
2,200-sq.m exhibition space. With paintings by Chéri Samba,
installations by Barthélémy Toguo, drawings by Frédéric Bruly Bouabré
and photographs by Guy Tillim, “Africa Remix” revealed the varied
facets of Africa’s contemporary arts scene.
The
exhibition examined contemporary African art not only from an aesthetic
angle but also from historical, political and ideological perspectives.
- Total pledges support for African art with the ”Africa Remix” exhibition in Paris -
So
near, and yet so far: Africa is an enigma that continues to exert a
strange fascination for many. “Africa Remix” was an invitation to
reflect on what Africa really means – to explore and rediscover it by
straying from the beaten path of commonplace ideas and platitudes. As
Total has a strong presence in Africa, we are all too aware of the
difficulties affecting the continent, but we’re also committed to
bringing African culture the recognition it deserves.
Africa Remix
Under the artistic direction of Simon Njami (photo), an international team of curators (see dates and facts as well as the photo) has assembled this overview of the artistic production in Africa and the African diaspora. 88 artists show works from the last 10 years, among them several specially
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African art
African art constitutes one of the most diverse legacies on earth. Though many casual observers tend to generalize "traditional" African art, the continent is full of peoples, societies, and civilizations, each with a unique visual special culture. The definition also includes the art of the African Diasporas, such as the art of African Americans. Despite this diversity, there are some unifying artistic themes when considering the totality of the visual culture from the continent of Africa.
* Emphasis on the human figure: The human figure has always been a the primary subject matter for most African art, and this emphasis even influenced certain European traditions. For example in the fifteenth century Portugal traded with the Sapi culture near the Ivory Coast in West Africa, who created elaborate ivory saltcellars that were hybrids of African and European designs, most notably in the addition of the human figure (the human figure typically did not appear in Portuguese saltcellars). The human figure may symbolize the living or the dead, may reference chiefs, dancers, or various trades such as drummers or hunters, or even may be an anthropomorphic representation of a god or have other votive function. Another common theme is the inter-morphosis of human and animal.
Yoruba bronze head sculpture, Ife, Nigeria c. 12th century A.D.
* Visual abstraction: African artworks tend to favor visual abstraction over naturalistic representation. This is because many African artworks generalize stylistic norms. Ancient Egyptian art, also usually thought of as naturalistically depictive, makes use of highly abstracted and regimented visual canons, especially in painting, as well as the use of different colors to represent the qualities and characteristics of an individual being depicted.
* Emphasis on sculpture: African artists
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Art contemporain africainL’Art contemporain africain est très dynamique. Il s'inspire aussi bien des traditions du continent que, et c'est de plus en plus le cas, des réalités urbaines contemporaines d'une Afrique en mutation, qui se cherche encore une identité. Les techniques et les supports sont variés, allant de la simple peinture aux installations avec projection vidéo, en passant par des sculptures faites en matériaux de récupération...En 1989, l'exposition « Les magiciens de la terre » (Centre Pompidou, 1989) présentait des œuvres d'art africain contemporain (d'artistes vivants) pour la première fois en Europe, mode de monstration mettant en valeur un certain primitiviste et exotique. En 2005, l’exposition « Africa Remix » qui a été présentée en Allemagne, en Angleterre, en France et au Japon peut être considérée comme la première à présenter un panorama important de l'art contemporain spécifiquement africain, montrant surtout la richesse de l'art africain sub-saharien. Mais l'Afrique elle-même s'est dotée de centres d'art contemporain, de festivals ou biennales sont régulièrement organisés sur le continent pour mettre en valeur le talent des artistes d'aujourd'hui. Quelques artistesAfrique du Sud
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Masks
The viewing of masks is often restricted to certain peoples or places,
even when used in performance, or masquerade. African masks manifest
spirits of ancestors or nature as well as characters that are spiritual
and social forces. During a masquerade, which is performed during
ceremonial occasions such as agricultural, initiation, leadership and
funerary rites, the mask becomes the otherworld being. When collected
by Western cultures, masks are often displayed without their costume
ensemble and lack the words, music and movement, or dance, that are
integral to the context of African masquerades.
Visually, masks are often a combination of human and animal traits.
They can be made of wood, natural or man-made fibers, cloth and animal
skin. Masks are usually worn with costumes and can, to some extent, be
categorized by form, which includes face masks, crest masks, cap masks,
helmet masks, shoulder masks, and fiber and body masks. Maskettes,
which are shaped like masks, are smaller and are not worn on or over
the face. They may be worn on an individual’s arm or hip or hung on a
fence or other structure near the performance area.
Sculpture
The cultures of Africa have created a world-renowned tradition of
three-dimensional and relief sculpture. Everyday and ceremonial works
of great delicacy and surface detail are fashioned by artists using
carving, modeling, smithing and casting techniques. Masks, figures,
musical instruments, containers, furniture, tools and equipment are all
part of the sculptor’s repertoire.
The human figure is perhaps the most prominent sculptural form in
Africa, as it has been for millennia. Male and female images in wood,
ivory, bone, stone, earth, fired clay, iron and copper alloy embody
cultural values, depict the ideal and represent spirits, ancestors and
deities. Used in a broad range of contexts--initiation, healing,
divination,
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The Age of Jazz
exhibition poster's century jazz
Garden Gallery
exhibition ticket or ticket matched
March 17 to June 28, 2009
Commissioner Daniel Soutif
Jazz, along with film and rock, one of the major artistic events of the twentieth century. This hybrid music marked the global culture of its sounds and rhythms.
The exhibition, designed by the philosopher and art critic Daniel Soutif, presented in chronological relations between jazz and graphic arts throughout the twentieth century.
From painting to photography, from cinema to literature, not to mention the graphic or comic book, the exhibition shows more particularly the development of jazz in Europe and France in the 30 and 40.
e route of exposure
Life, 1 July 1926 (FG Cooper, 1926) © Collection Philippe Baudoin
Life, 1 July 1926 (FG Cooper, 1926) © Collection Philippe Baudoin
The exhibition is divided into ten chronological sections connected by a "timeline", vertical window through which the exhibition will bring together works, objects and documents, scores illustrated posters, records and folders, pictures ... entrusted to evoke directly the main events in the history of jazz.
This structured timeline by year is the common thread of
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What a body?
I have a body good to me, it seems, and that's because I'm me. I count among my properties and pretend to carry him on my full sovereignty. I think therefore unique and independent. But it is an illusion because there is no human society where it is believed that the body is worth by itself. Every body is created, not only by their fathers and mothers. It is not made by one who has it, but by others. No more in New Guinea, the Amazon or Africa than in Western Europe, it is thought as a thing. Instead, it is the particular form of relationship with the otherness that constitutes the person. Depending on the perspective of comparative anthropology adopted here is that other, respectively, the other sex, animal species, the dead or the divine (secularized in the modern age, in the teleology of living). Yes, my body is what reminds me that I find myself in a world populated by example, ancestors, gods, enemies or people of the opposite sex. My body really mine? It is he who I do not belong, I is not alone and that my destiny is to live in society.
Description
224 pages 24 x 26 cm
240 color illustrations
1 map
retail price: 45 €
isbn 2-915133-17-4
Co-published Branly / Flammarion
curator
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At a glance the Other
History of European eyes on Africa, America and Oceania
At a glance, and one devoted to successive visions brought by Europeans on the cultures of Africa, the Americas and Oceania. This program is a pretext to put into perspective by thematic series, the relativity of our eyes on the threshold of a new museum. Rather than return to the past, this catalog (and exhibition which is the source) marks a starting point.
From the Renaissance to today, the "idols of the Indians", "instruments of the natives," "primitive fetishes," "Negro Sculpture" or "first arts" were the witnesses of likes and dislikes, revealing reflections on otherness. The originality of this publication reflects historical depth that allows to include these objects in a broader history of art.
The Musée du Quai Branly appealed not only to works of other cultures, reflecting the first contacts with Europe, but also to European works within the midst of which they were placed. The catalog shows as well, in a strange series of chapters, how European eyes have gradually allowed other creations from, for example, curiosity amazed rankings systematic evolutionary wanderings of the images of the Universal.
Throughout the pages, the reader travels with the Nave of Charles V., Écouen treasure museum, portraits of Indians of Brazil painted in 1637 for the palace of the Prince of Nassau, rhinoceros horn cups Habsburg Pre-Columbian
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Ciwara
African chimeras
Masks, headdresses Ciwara are among the better known pieces of African art. Incomparable masterpieces cultures Bamana (Mali) and Senufo (Mali, Côte d'Ivoire), enigmatic and emblematic symbols of African art, clichés abound when talking about these famous head crests. There are few so-called traditional African sculptures which have aroused so much admiration from fans and collectors. This catalog is intended to fill this gap and provide a scientific focus on the subject. He cites the permeability of borders and artistic use of such objects do not come out only during agricultural rites but on several occasions during the year (entertainment, important ceremonies such as funerals, fight against bites snake, ...). It also highlights the richness of the museum, unique in international collections, with his fifty-five masks reproduced at the end of the book.
Description
96 pages format 20 x 26 cm
70 illustrations and 55 photos to the catalog raisonné
Maps
retail price: 25 €
isbn 2-915133-15-8 / 88-7439-318-0
Co-published Branly / 5 Continents
curator
Lorenz Homberger, Deputy Director of the Museum Rietberg, Zurich
authors
Jean-Paul Colleyn, study director at the EHESS
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Tangle of ropes, accumulation of disparate elements, small heaps unspeakable, are the objects of divination in Africa in this book. These figures of the formless, sometimes perceived as loathsome and strange, are much more familiar we suppose at first, and do not speak of anything but life and countless son's existence, which continue to establish and discard. It is not that of any tribute to Africa and mysterious fetish, but to honor human creativity and variety of forms it knows borrow.
Exposure. Musée du Quai Branly (2009) Recipes of the Gods: the fetish aesthetic Actes Sud € 19.90
Group under the leadership of Jacques Kerchache African Art & Citadels Mazenod € 199.00
Faik-Nzuji, Clementine M. African Arts: signs and symbols boeck From € 42.00
Collective Imprints of Africa: African Art, Modern Art Workshop € 9.91
Basson, Mbog Aesthetics of African Art: The Symbolic and complexity Harmattan € 21.00
Diagne, Souleymane Bachir Leopold Sedar Senghor, African art as philosophy: an essay Riveneuve € 15.00
Exposure. Afrikamuseum (2007-2008) Ubangi, art and culture in the heart of South Africa Acts € 99.95
Alain Lecomte art, magic and medicine in Black Africa Gallery Alain Lecomte € 35.00
Exposure. Dapper Foundation (2007-2008) Musée Dapper Pet € 45.00
Exposure.
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Wassily Kandinsky
Birth name Wassily Wassilyevich Kandinsky
Born 4 December 1866
Moscow
Died 13 December 1944 (aged 77)
Neuilly-sur-Seine
Nationality Russian
Wassily Wassilyevich Kandinsky (Russian: Васи́лий Васи́льевич Канди́нский, Vasilij Vasil'evič Kandinskij; 4 December [O.S. 4 December] 1866 – 13 December 1944) was a Russian painter, and art theorist. He is regarded as the founder of abstract art and is, moreover, the chief theoretician of this type of painting.Template:Fact quoted from "Kandinsky" by Burkhard Riemschneider 1994 Benedikt Taschen Verlag GmbH
Born in Moscow, Kandinsky spent his childhood in Odessa. He enrolled at the University of Moscow and chose to study law and economics. Quite successful in his profession—he was offered a professorship (chair of Roman Law) at the University of Dorpat—he started painting studies (life-drawing, sketching and anatomy) at the age of 30.
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MOTHERHOODS ART GALLERY L'OEIL ET LA MAIN 41 RUE DE VERNEUIL 75007 PARIS EXHIBITION FROM THE 4TH OF JUNE TO THE 30TH OF SEPTEMBER 2009 WWW.AFRICAN-PARIS.COM The image of the mother carrying her child is very present in Westerner imaginary, reflecting the importance of the woman not only in her wife role, but also as a mother. In addition to their social and economic importance, the African mothers also have a quasi-magic capacity. The birth is indeed regarded as a godsend, because this is the child who later will take care of his/her parents, become old, and will work for them as they worked for him. Moreover, in many cultures, the woman is often a priestess specialist in the rites and a person in charge of the worship, and many spirits are female ones. This fact partly explains the importance of the female image in the African sculpture. Although a child is raised by the members of the family extended, the link between him/her and his/her mother remains very strong, especially at the period of early childhood, the carved works presented at the time of this exhibition are a proof of that fact. Motherhood represents the female principle par excellence. But are african motherhoods statues of mother with child or statues of mother and child? Which are the relationships between the mother and the child in a sculpture of motherhood? Very often mother and child do not set up a
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Qu’est-ce que les « arts premiers » ?
Expertise
jeudi 24 août 2006, par Nélia Dias
Source du document : Sciences Humaines
Auteur : Nélia Dias
Descriptif :
Sciences Humaines est un magazine de vulgarisation scientifique spécialisé dans les sciences de l’homme et de la société, qui existe depuis 1991.
Si la notion d’« arts premiers » n’est pas inscrite aujourd’hui au fronton du musée du Quai-Branly, c’est que de « premier » à « primitif », il n’y avait qu’un mauvais pas à franchir. Or un « musée des cultures du monde » ne peut plus être celui d’un regard colonial dépassé (Hors-Série n°3 de Sciences Humaines, juin 2006)
Nélia Dias est Professeur à l’Institut des sciences du travail et de l’entreprise de Lisbonne, elle a publié notamment « Ethnographie, arts et arts premiers : la question des désignations » (in collectif, Les Arts premiers, fondation Calouste-Gulbenkian, 2003)
Depuis une dizaine d'années, on assiste en France à un engouement nouveau mais controversé pour les « arts premiers », qui se manifeste dans les sphères de la presse, de l'édition, sur les rayons des librairies de musées, comme au Louvre, dans les ventes aux enchères et les expositions [1] .
D'où vient cet intérêt récent pour les arts non occidentaux ? Que recouvre la désignation « arts premiers » ? Comment expliquer ce que l'historien de l'art Ernst Gombrich appelait une « préférence pour le primitif [2] [2] » ? Entraîne-t-elle le rejet de quelque
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Qu’est-ce que les « arts premiers » ?
Expertise
jeudi 24 août 2006, par Nélia Dias
Source du document : Sciences Humaines
Auteur : Nélia Dias
Descriptif :
Sciences Humaines est un magazine de vulgarisation scientifique spécialisé dans les sciences de l’homme et de la société, qui existe depuis 1991.
Si la notion d’« arts premiers » n’est pas inscrite aujourd’hui au fronton du musée du Quai-Branly, c’est que de « premier » à « primitif », il n’y avait qu’un mauvais pas à franchir. Or un « musée des cultures du monde » ne peut plus être celui d’un regard colonial dépassé (Hors-Série n°3 de Sciences Humaines, juin 2006)
Nélia Dias est Professeur à l’Institut des sciences du travail et de l’entreprise de Lisbonne, elle a publié notamment « Ethnographie, arts et arts premiers : la question des désignations » (in collectif, Les Arts premiers, fondation Calouste-Gulbenkian, 2003)
Depuis une dizaine d'années, on assiste en France à un engouement nouveau mais controversé pour les « arts premiers », qui se manifeste dans les sphères de la presse, de l'édition, sur les rayons des librairies de musées, comme au Louvre, dans les ventes aux enchères et les expositions [1] .
D'où vient cet intérêt récent pour les arts non occidentaux ? Que recouvre la désignation « arts premiers » ? Comment expliquer ce que l'historien de l'art Ernst Gombrich appelait une « préférence pour le primitif [2] [2] » ? Entraîne-t-elle le rejet de quelque alternative
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Primitive arts in Kaos
Le Journal des Arts - n ° 220 - September 9, 2005
The young Parisian journey Kaos has quickly become the global meeting place among lovers of primitive art. With a fourth edition even richer.
It took only two years at Kaos-Course Worlds in Paris Saint-Germain-des-Prés, home of the primitive arts, to win. Modeled on that of Bruneaf Brussels (Brussels Non European Art Fair), Kaos is an open event bringing together specialist dealers concentrated in one area (ie, exhibiting in their walls or hosted by other galleries). But while Bruneaf is losing momentum in recent years, Kaos is getting stronger. Created in 2002 from an idea by Rik Gadella (among other founder of Paris Photo), the appointment of Parisian art lovers first hosted the first year 21 galleries around the axis of the Rue de Seine, then 40 participants in 2003. The formula took off in 2004 with 51 exhibitors from around the world and has already reached international fame. This latest edition was also shown the excesses of the success of Kaos: merchants had refused leased spaces on the course to enjoy the commercial success generated by the event. Without dwelling on the subject, "not to do their advertising, its management announced a reinforcement of the signage" Kaos "to foreclose any parasites.
Must
This year, 55 galleries will open the festivities on the evening of Sept. 14, in a friendly atmosphere that gives the event a very special charm
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De l’africanisme aux études africaines Textes et « humanités » Alain Ricard Tout discours sur l'Afrique, et en particulier l'Afrique noire, ne peut il relever que de la passion, voire de lacompassion ? N’y a t-il que les fous d’Afrique – titre d’un livre récent – pour s’intéresser à elle ? Quelles formes de raison peut-il convoquer ?La première qui se présenta fut géographique. Sorte de page blanche de notre humanité jusqu'au XIXe siècle, l'Afrique a été inscrite avec nos routes, nos cartes, nos frontières ; aujourd'hui, les images satellitaires ne nous en laisentrien ignorer. Nous savons au mètre près ce qui se passe à Kisangani en guerre, là où Stanley donna à des chutes son nom : il avait compris que cette courbe du fleuve Congo était le centre du continent, il pensait en géographe et en stratège... Cette Afrique des images reste face à nous, extérieure : ne relève-t-elle pas aussi d'autres formes de raison plus intérieures, voire existentielles ? Quel immense murmure monte de la forêt ? Que dit-il ? Ces Africains ne sont-ils qued'empruntés francophones ou de pompeux anglophones ? Des bégayeurs maladroits ou des volubiles irresponsables ?L'inscription géographique, qui en reste à l'image, est trop facilement la proie de la marchandise. Aujourd'hui il nous faut le son, le discours. Des langues en expansion composent d'autres circulations que nous ne capterons pas avec nos satellites. Il nous faut passer de l'œil à l'oreille, du regard à l'écoute... Les blancs des cartes Les sciences humaines redécouvrent l’afrique, titrait un journal du soir après un colloque tenu à Nantes – « Les sciences de l’homme
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Jacques Chirac22nd President of the French Republic5th President of the Fifth RepublicCo-Prince of AndorraIn office17 May 1995 – 16 May 2007Prime Minister Alain JuppéLionel JospinJean-Pierre RaffarinDominique de VillepinPreceded by François MitterrandSucceeded by Nicolas SarkozyMayor of ParisIn office20 March 1977 – 16 May 1995Preceded by Office CreatedSucceeded by Jean Tiberi159th Prime Minister of France10th Prime Minister of Fifth Republic
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Georges Balandier est un ethnologue et sociologue français. Il est actuellement professeur émérite de la Sorbonne (Université Paris Descartes), Directeur d’études à l’École des hautes études en sciences sociales, collaborateur au Centre d'études africaines.
Biographie
Georges, Léon, Emile Balandier, né le 21 décembre 1920 à Aillevillers (Haute-Saône), fils d'un cheminot et militant socialiste, a commencé par des études de philosophie puis la guerre et l'occupation l'ont fait réfractaire au STO (Service du Travail Obligatoire) puis résistant. À partir de ses expériences humaines de résistant et dans l'effervescence intellectuelle qui suit la Libération (il fréquente notamment Michel Leiris), il va participer à l'effort pour « tenter de définir une autre politique coloniale ». « Quand j'arrive à Dakar, en 1946, je découvre d'abord la pauvreté derrière les habillements d'apparat… mais aussi une certaine turbulence » (Entretiens avec G. Balandier en 1982).
Membre de la SFIO de 1946 à 1951, il devient ethnologue, tout en participant de l'intérieur à la libération de l'Afrique. Dès 1952 il prend parti pour l'indépendance dans les Cahiers de sociologie, conduit ensuite des recherches sous l'administration de Pierre Mendès France mais rompt avec la politique quand De Gaulle met la Guinée de Sékou Touré hors de l'Union
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