Result of the research : 'figure'
Maurice de Vlaminck (4 April 1876 – 11 October 1958) was a French painter. Along with André Derain and Henri Matisse he is considered one of the principal figures in the Fauve movement, a group of modern artists who from 1904 to 1908 were united in their use of intense color. Life Maurice de Vlaminck was born in Paris to a family of musicians. His father taught him to play the violin. He began painting in his late teens. In 1893, he studied with a painter named Henri Rigalon on the Ile de Chatou In 1894 he married Suzanne Berly. The turning point in his life was a chance meeting on the train to Paris towards the end of his stint in the army. Vlaminck, then 23, met an aspiring artist, André Derain, with whom he struck up a life-long friendship. When Vlaminck completed his army service in 1900, the two rented a studio together for a year before Derain left to do his own military service. In 1902 and 1903 he wrote several mildly pornographic novels illustrated by Derain. He painted during the day and earned his livelihood by giving violin lessons and performing with musical bands at night. In 1911, Vlaminck traveled to London and painted by the Thames. In 1913, he painted again with Derain in Marseille and Martigues. In World War I he was stationed in Paris, and began writing poetry. Eventually he settled in the northwestern suburbs of Paris. He married his second wife, Berthe Combes, with whom he had two daughters. From 1925 he traveled throughout France, but continued to paint primarily along the Seine, near Paris. Vlaminck died in Rueil-la-Gadelière on 11 October 1958. Artistic career Two of Vlaminck's groundbreaking paintings, Sur le zinc (At the Bar) and L'homme a la pipe (Man
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Henri Matisse (31 December 1869 – 3 November 1954) was a French artist, known for his use of colour and his fluid, brilliant and original draughtsmanship. As a draughtsman, printmaker, and sculptor, but principally as a painter, Matisse is one of the best-known artists of the 20th century. Although he was initially labeled as a Fauve (wild beast), by the 1920s, he was increasingly hailed as an upholder of the classical tradition in French painting. His mastery of the expressive language of colour and drawing, displayed in a body of work spanning over a half-century, won him recognition as a leading figure in modern art. Early life and education Born Henri-Émile-Benoît Matisse in Le Cateau-Cambrésis, Nord-Pas-de-Calais, France, he grew up in Bohain-en-Vermandois in Northeastern France, where his parents owned a seed business. He was their first son. In 1887 he went to Paris to study law, working as a court administrator in Le Cateau-Cambrésis after gaining his qualification. He first started to paint in 1889, when his mother had brought him art supplies during a period of convalescence following an attack of appendicitis. He discovered "a kind of paradise" as he later described it, and decided to become an artist, deeply disappointing his father. In 1891 he returned to Paris to study art at the Académie Julian and became a student of William-Adolphe Bouguereau and Gustave Moreau. Initially he painted still-lifes and landscapes in the traditional Flemish style, at which he achieved reasonable proficiency. Chardin was one of Matisse's most admired painters;as an art student he made copies of four Chardin paintings in the Louvre.In 1896 he exhibited 5 paintings in the salon of the Société Nationale des Beaux-Arts, and the state bought two of his paintings. In 1897 and 1898, he visited the painter John Peter Russell on the island Belle
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Tristan Tzara (born Samuel or Samy
Rosenstock, also known as S. Samyro; April 4 or April 16, 1896 –
December 25, 1963) was a Romanian and Frenchavant-garde poet, essayist and performance
artist. Also active as a journalist, playwright, literary and art critic,
composer and film director, he was known best for being one of the founders and
central figures of the anti-establishmentDada movement. Under
the influence of Adrian Maniu, the adolescent
Tzara became interested in Symbolism and co-founded the magazine Simbolulwith Ion Vinea (with whom he also wrote experimental poetry) and painter Marcel
Janco. During World War I, after briefly collaborating on Vinea's Chemarea, he joined Janco in Switzerland.
There, Tzara's shows at the Cabaret Voltaire and Zunfthaus zur Waag, as well as his poetry and art
manifestos, became a main feature of early Dadaism. His work represented
Dada's nihilisticside, in contrast with the more moderate approach favored by Hugo Ball. After moving to Paris in 1919, Tzara, by then one of the "presidents of
Dada", joined the staff of Littérature magazine, which
marked the first step in the movement's evolution toward Surrealism.
He was involved in the major polemics which led to Dada's split, defending his
principles against André Breton and Francis
Picabia, and, in Romania, against the eclecticmodernism of
Vinea and Janco. This personal vision on art defined his Dadaist plays The Gas
Heart (1921) and Handkerchief of Clouds (1924). A
forerunner of automatist techniques, Tzara eventually
rallied with Breton's Surrealism, and, under its influence, wrote his
celebrated utopianpoem The Approximate Man. During the final part of his career, Tzara combined his humanist and anti-fascistperspective with a
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André Breton (February 19, 1896 – September 28, 1966) was a French
writer, poet, and surrealisttheorist, and is best known as the main founder of surrealism.
His writings include the Surrealist Manifesto of 1924, in which he defined
surrealism as pure psychic automatism. BiographyBorn to a family of modest means in Tinchebray(Orne) in Normandy, he
studied medicineand psychiatry.
During World War I he worked in a neurological ward in Nantes, where he
met the spiritual son of Alfred Jarry, Jacques
Vaché, whose anti-social attitude and disdain for established artistic
tradition influenced Breton considerably. Vaché committed suicide at age 24
and his war-time letters to Breton and others were published in a volume
entitled Lettres de guerre (1919), for which Breton
wrote four introductory essays. From Dada to SurrealismIn 1919 Breton founded the review Littérature with Louis
Aragon and Philippe Soupault. He also connected with DadaistTristan
Tzara. In 1924 he was instrumental to the founding of the Bureau of Surrealist Research. In The Magnetic Fields (Les Champs Magnétiques),
a collaboration with Soupault, he put the principle of automatic writing into practice. He published
the Surrealist Manifesto in 1924, and
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Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula
Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Martyr Patricio Clito Ruíz y Picasso (25 October 1881 – 8 April 1973) was
an Andalusian-Spanishpainter, draughtsman,
and sculptor.
As one of the most recognized figures in twentieth-century art, he is best known for
co-founding the Cubistmovement and for the wide variety of styles embodied in his work. Among his
most famous works are the proto-Cubist Les Demoiselles d'Avignon (1907) and
his depiction of the German bombing of Guernica during the Spanish Civil
War, Guernica (1937) Biography Picasso was baptized Pablo Diego José
Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima TrinidadClito, a series of names honouring various saints and relatives. Added to these
were Ruíz and Picasso, for his father and mother, respectively, as per Spanish
custom. Born in the city of Málaga in the
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André Derain (10 June 1880 – 8 September
1954) was a French painter and co-founder of Fauvism with Henri
Matisse.
Biography
André Derain was born in 1880
in Chatou, Yvelines, Île-de-France, just outside Paris. In 1898,
while studying to be an engineer at the Académie Camillo, he attended painting
classes under Eugène Carrière, and there met Matisse.
In 1900, he met and shared a studio with Maurice de Vlaminck and began to paint his
first landscapes.
His studies were interrupted from 1901 to 1904 when he was conscriptedinto the French army. Following his release from service, Matisse persuaded
Derain's parents to allow him to abandon his engineering career and devote
himself solely to painting; subsequently Derain attended the Académie
Julian.Derain and Matisse worked together through the summer of 1905 in the Mediterraneanvillage of Collioureand later that year displayed their highly innovative paintings at the Salon
d'Automne. The vivid, unnatural colors led the critic Louis
Vauxcelles to derisively dub their works as les Fauves,
or "the wild beasts", marking the start of the Fauvist movement.
In March 1906, the noted art dealer Ambroise
Vollard sent Derain to London to compose a series of paintings with the
city as subject. In 30 paintings (29 of which are still extant), Derain put
forth a
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Pietro
Paolo Savorgnan di Brazzà, best known as Pierre Paul François Camille Savorgnan de Brazza (January 26,1852 - September
14, 1905), was a
Franco-Italian explorer, born in Italy and later naturalizedFrenchman.
With the backing of the Société de Géographique de Paris, he opened up for France entry along
the right bank of the Congo that eventually led to French colonies in Central
Africa. His easy manner and great physical charm, as well as his pacific
approach among Africans, were his trademarks. Under French colonial rule, Brazzaville,
the capital of the Republic of the Congo was named in his honor. Early years
Born in Rome on January 26,1852, Pietro
Savorgnan di Brazzà was the seventh son of Count Ascanio Savorgnan di
Brazzà, a nobleman of Udine with many French connections and Giacinta Simonetti.
Pietro was interested in exploration from an early age and won entry to the French naval school at Brest,
graduated as an ensign, and went on the French ship Jeanne d'Arc to Algeria. Exploration to Africa
His next ship was the Venus, which stopped
at Gabonregularly, and in 1874, de Brazza made two trips, up the Gabon Riverand Ogoue
River. He then proposed to the government that he explore the Ogoueto its source, and with the help of friends in high places, including Jules Ferryand Leon
Gambetta, he secured partial funding, the rest
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Julien Michel
Leiris (April
20, 1901 in Paris – September
30, 1990 in
Saint-Hilaire, Essonne)
was a Frenchsurrealistwriter and ethnographer. BiographyMichel Leiris obtained his baccalauréat in
philosophy in 1918 and after a brief attempt at studying chemistry, he
developed a strong interest in jazz and poetry. Between 1921 and 1924, Leiris
met a number of important figures such as Max Jacob, Georges Henri Rivière, Jean
Dubuffet, Robert Despos, Georges
Bataille and the artist André
Masson, who soon became his mentor. Through Masson, Leiris became a member
of the Surrealistmovement, contributed to La Révolution surréaliste, published Simulacre(1925), and Le Point Cardinal (1927), and wrote a surrealist novel Aurora(1927-28; first published in 1946). In 1926, he married Louise Godon, the
step-daughter of Picasso's dealer Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler and traveled to
Egypt and Greece. Following a fall out with André
Breton in 1929, he joined Bataille’s team as a sub-editor for Documents, to which he also regularly
contributed articles such as “Notes on Two Microcosmic Figures of the 14th and
15th Centuries” (1929, issue 1), “In Connection with the ‘Musée des
Sorciers" (1929, issue 2), "Civilisation" (1929, issue 4), “The
‘Caput Mortuum’ or the Alchemist’s Wife” (1930, issue 8), and on artists such
as Giacometti,Miró, Picasso, and the
16th
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